Pathological Diseases - Bacteria

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative staining ,rod shaped

Transmission: Fecally and orally

Clinical Signs: V++, D++, Pyrexia, Anorexia, septicaemia

Diagnosis: Culture, Post Mortem

Treatment: IVFT, Bland Diet, Hospitalisation, ABs, Antiemetics

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative staining, spirilium shape, toxin produced hinders immune system

Transmission: Faeco-oral, raw food, water, fomites, zoonotic

Clinical Signs: D++, Tenesmus, Lethargy, Inappetance

Diagnosis: ***** smear, microscopy, ***** culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Treatment: ABs, Culture and Sensitivity screen 

Decription: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, short rod shaped, may cause secondary respiratory tract infections

Transmission: Aerosol and fomites

Clinical Signs: Dry, hacking cough, retching

Diagnosis: Nasal/ oropharyngeal swabs for culture

Treatment: Self limiting, mucolytics, nebulisers, ABs. Control by vaccination

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, spirochaete shape, motile, replicates in blood / kidneys / liver

Transmission: Direct contact with urine/ water, damage to skin, penetrate mucosae, zoonotic

Clinical Signs: Liver damage, oliguria, pyrexia

Diagnosis: Blood tests, Serology, Blood PCR, histology, post mortem

Treatment: IVFT, ABs, (poor prognosis). Control by vaccination and controlled water access.

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, rod shaped

Transmission: Poor hygiene, raw meat, zoonotic

Clinical Signs: D++, Pyometra, UTI, Intestinal disease

Diagnosis: ***** culture, Parvo SNAP ELISA

Treatment: Culture and Sensitivity Screen, Good hygiene, ABs

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, rod shaped, common in rabbits

Transmission: Direct contact, aerosol, immunosuppression

Clinical Signs: Nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, pyometra, anorexia, pyrexia, head tilt.

Diagnosis: Bacterial culture, radiography

Treatment: ABs, culture and sensitivity screen, mucolytics, nebulisers, Sx

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, rod shaped , motile,  

Transmission: direct contact, mucous membranes, faeces

Clinical Signs: Cystitis, otitis externa, pneumonia

Diagnosis: Cytology ear swabs, pus, respiratory aspirates

Treatment: culture and sensitivity screen, ABs, supportive care (ear flush, analgesia)

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, spherical shape, replicate within host epithelial cells

Transmission: Oral/ nasal discharge 

Clinical Signs: Conjunctivitis, still birth, abortion, sneezing, hyperaemia

Diagnosis: Conjunctival swab, PCR, serology

Treatment: Self limiting, ABs, supportive care

Description: Anaerobic, Gram positive stain, rod shape, forms spores, produce neurotoxin to cause tetanus

Transmission: Zoonotic

Clinical Signs: Stiffness, spasm, lock jaw, altered HR and RR

Diagnosis: Smears (difficult to culture)

Treatment: Antitoxin, ABs to inhibit growth, Sx debridement. Control by vaccination 

Description: Present in farm animals, absorbed in GIT, flaccid paralysis, botox

Transmission: unknown

Clinical Signs: Dilated pupils, dry mm, dysphagia, recumbancy, death

Diagnosis: ELISA

Treatment: Polyvalent antiserum, supportive therapy

Description: Aerobic, gram negative stain, coccoid shape, replicate in erythrocytes

Transmission: Insect bites, bite wounds, blood transfusions

Clinical Signs: haemolytic anaemia, pallor, jaundice, weakness, tachycardia, tachypnoea

Diagnosis: Haematology, blood smear, PCR

Treatment: Supportive therapy (O2, blood), ABs. Control by keeping indoors and screen donors

Description: Aerobic, Gram negative stain, spirochaete shape

Transmission: Ticks, Zoonotic

Clinical Signs: Pyrexia,lymphadenopathy, lameness, lethargy, renal failure, paralysis, seizures

Diagnosis: Hx, Antibody ELISA, culture >6 weeks, PCR

Treatment: ABs. Control by spot on treatments/ collars and vaccination

Description: Aerobic, Acid fast/ Gram positive stain, Rod shaped

Transmission: Food, Rodent bites, soil, zoonotic potential

Clinical Signs: non- healing sores, coughing, D++, reduced weight, inappetance

Diagnosis: Tissue biopsy, PCR, Culture >3 weeks

Treatment: ABs, guarded prognosis