Paediatrics 2 0.0 / 5 ? PharmacyPH1122UniversityAll boards Created by: amazingemilyjonesCreated on: 08-04-19 09:52 Paediatrics 2 Paediatrics 2 1 of 9 Headlice Presence of live lice is prognostic Empty egg shells (nits) does not constitute evidence of current infection Itching Not always present Rule out: Dandruff, psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis Myths: Not only associated with dirty hair Do not only infect children Children should not be kept off school Can not jump or fly Only affect people and can not be caught from animals 2 of 9 Checking for Headlice Dry/wet combing Straighten and untangle dry hair using normal comb, or wash hair with normal shampoo and apply hair conditioner Switch to a detection comb Starting from the back of the head, comb from the scalp to the end of the hair After each stroke examine the comb for live lice Continue to comb all hair in sections until the whole head has been combed Rinse out conditioner if wet combing 3 of 9 Headlice: Treatment Over 6 months Permethrin Malathion Dimeticone Over 2 years Isopropyl myristate 4 of 9 Oral Thrush Oropharyngeal candidiasis - opportunistic muscosal infection 5% of newborns suffer from this condition Typically patients present with patches that are irregular and vary in size that are difficult to remove Usually causes some pain Often effects tongue and cheeks It is unusual in otherwise healthy adults - a healthy adult with no risk factors requires referral Adult risk factors: Diabetes Dry mouth/ill-fitting dentures Immunocompromised Recent antibiotics/inhaled corticosteroids 5 of 9 Oral Thrush: Causes and Treatment Potential causes: immature immune system recent antibiotic use steroid inhaler use recent courses of antibiotics used by mother Treatment Treatment over 4 months is with Daktarin (miconazole) 4-24 months 1.25ml four times daily after meals 2 years+ 2.5ml four times daily 6 of 9 Threadworms More common in school and pre-school children but still can infect adults Transmitted most commonly by the faecal-oral route - eggs get lodged under finger nails Eggs are very hardy and can easily be transferred to clothing, bed linen etc. resulting in dust-borne infection Clinical features: Night-time perianal itching caused by mucus produced by females when laying eggs Can range from local 'tickling' sensation to acute pain 7 of 9 Conditions to Eliminate and When to Refer Conditions to eliminate: Other worm infections: round and tape worm infections usually contracted by adults visiting poor and developing countries Contact irritant dermatitis: no recent history of infection, no visible signs of worms in faeces Referral: Medication failure Secondary infection from scratching 8 of 9 Threadworms: Management Hygiene measures (lifespan of threadworm approx. 6 weeks) Keep nails short and clean Careful hanf washing and nail scrubbing before meals and after each visit to the toilet Wash bed linen regularly - ideally every day Don't share towels Underwear underneath night clothes Shower daily immediately on rising Damp dusting and daily vacuuming Treatment: Mebendazole for >2 years - whole family should be treated. Repeated dose after 14 days if re-infection is suspected. 9 of 9
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