Overcrowding
- Created by: Eamon
- Created on: 10-06-17 18:36
MoJ 2017
- 80/117 prisons were overcrowded
- HMP Leeds overcrowded by 75%
- 106 Suicides
-24,648 Self Harming incidences
Liebling 1992
- Education and vocational opportunities provide prisoners with time out of their cells
- Without them increases; isolation, boredom, hoplessness as prisoners reflect on negative thoughts
Yang et al. 2009
- 59 prisoners
- All stated education were benefical as it provided time out of their cells and prevents them from reflecting on negative thoughts
Taylor 2004
- 81% stated they used education and vocational opportunities to occupy time and relieve monotony
- 61% relieve prison stresses
- 40% relieved negative thoughts
Dye 2010
- Lack of staff to escort prisoners to education or medical appointments
Offender Learning & Skills Unit 2014
- Education reduces re-offending by 50%
- Only 1/3 has access
- HMP Itchworth Prison kitchen staff had to stop NVQs as they wee needed to cook food
Coats Review 2016
- 16% left prison and had received some education
Birmingham 2003
- 20-23 hours locked up
HMIOP 2016
- 30% of 51 men said they received physical exercise 3X a week
- 10/34 prisons had enough courses for everyone
Silvestri 2013
- 25% prisoners in one category B prison had not been released from their cells all day
- Many prisoners had failed to receive the required 1 hour of excersise a day because there was not enough staff to ensure security
- Increase in prison population = prisoners sharing cells = Increase in violence and frustrations as prisoners lose privacy and personal space
- 19,140 prisoners sharing a cell designed for 1
- 777 prisoner shared a cell designed for 2
Esther 2017
- Share cramped, dirty and old cells which increases frustration
- Increases frustrations due to loss of liberty, privacy and personal space
Jewkes 2005
- Promotion of 'macho' and being aggressive to protect personal safety
- Gang affiliation to ensure personal safety and personal status
Fenton 2016
- 2010-2015
- Sexual Assaults per year; rose from 137 to 257
- Injuries from poo and wee; 20 to 180 per year
Smith 2017
- HMP Letchworth had a 'fight club' style culture
- 1 prisoner had glue poured down their throat
- Prisoners begged to not be taken out of their cell
Reed and Lyne 2000
- Prison is rife with MI and suicide and self harm
- MI SH and Suicide all have to be dealth with by HC services which causes a great strain
Peay 2002
- Prison has access to 2500 MH beds
- Required number is 5000
Griffin 2010
- Lack of mental stimulation & opportunities results in increase MH issues needing to be treated
Ireland and Qualter 2008
- Increase in HC having to deal with prisoner assaults
- 17,782 assaults
- Increase in victimisation means prisoners are SH and making more suicide attempts that HC are needing to address
Forrester et al 2013 & SCFMH 2007
- Doctors have caseloads of 500 prisoners
- To accurately treat this number there needs to be about 11 hc staff not 3
HMIOP 2007
- 84 HC Teams
- 14% felt could treat prisoners
- 85% said did not have enough staff
HLFPR 2015
- Decrease in staff has meant prisoners are missing medical appointments as limited staff to escort them
- Decline in ability for prison staff to identify those at risk
Allison & Sloan 2015
- Governments fault as they cut education so only 1% prison population receive it
- 24+ have to get a loan for GCSE +
Evans and Willgress 2016
- HMP Birmingham riot seen as a result of a lack of prison officers and increased isolation
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