Overcrowding

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  • Created by: Eamon
  • Created on: 10-06-17 18:36

MoJ 2017

- 80/117 prisons were overcrowded 

- HMP Leeds overcrowded by 75%

- 106 Suicides

-24,648 Self Harming incidences 

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Liebling 1992

- Education and vocational opportunities provide prisoners with time out of their cells

- Without them increases; isolation, boredom, hoplessness as prisoners reflect on negative thoughts

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Yang et al. 2009

- 59 prisoners 

- All stated education were benefical as it provided time out of their cells and prevents them from reflecting on negative thoughts

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Taylor 2004

- 81% stated they used education and vocational opportunities to occupy time and relieve monotony

- 61% relieve prison stresses

- 40% relieved negative thoughts

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Dye 2010

- Lack of staff to escort prisoners to education or medical appointments 

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Offender Learning & Skills Unit 2014

- Education reduces re-offending by 50% 

- Only 1/3 has access

- HMP Itchworth Prison kitchen staff had to stop NVQs as they wee needed to cook food

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Coats Review 2016

- 16% left prison and had received some education

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Birmingham 2003

- 20-23 hours locked up

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HMIOP 2016

- 30% of 51 men said they received physical exercise 3X a week

- 10/34 prisons had enough courses for everyone

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Silvestri 2013

- 25% prisoners in one category B prison had not been released from their cells all day

- Many prisoners had failed to receive the required 1 hour of excersise a day because there was not enough staff to ensure security 

- Increase in prison population = prisoners sharing cells = Increase in violence and frustrations as prisoners lose privacy and personal space

- 19,140 prisoners sharing a cell designed for 1

- 777 prisoner shared a cell designed for 2

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Esther 2017

- Share cramped, dirty and old cells which increases frustration

- Increases frustrations due to loss of liberty, privacy and personal space

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Jewkes 2005

- Promotion of 'macho' and being aggressive to protect personal safety

- Gang affiliation to ensure personal safety and personal status 

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Fenton 2016

- 2010-2015

- Sexual Assaults per year; rose from 137 to 257

- Injuries from poo and wee; 20 to 180 per year

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Smith 2017

- HMP Letchworth had a 'fight club' style culture

- 1 prisoner had glue poured down their throat

- Prisoners begged to not be taken out of their cell

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Reed and Lyne 2000

- Prison is rife with MI and suicide and self harm

- MI SH and Suicide all have to be dealth with by HC services which causes a great strain

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Peay 2002

- Prison has access to 2500 MH beds 

- Required number is 5000 

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Griffin 2010

- Lack of mental stimulation & opportunities results in increase MH issues needing to be treated

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Ireland and Qualter 2008

- Increase in HC having to deal with prisoner assaults

- 17,782 assaults

- Increase in victimisation means prisoners are SH and making more suicide attempts that HC are needing to address

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Forrester et al 2013 & SCFMH 2007

- Doctors have caseloads of 500 prisoners

- To accurately treat this number there needs to be about 11 hc staff not 3

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HMIOP 2007

- 84 HC Teams

- 14% felt could treat prisoners

- 85% said did not have enough staff 

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HLFPR 2015

- Decrease in staff has meant prisoners are missing medical appointments as limited staff to escort them

- Decline in ability for prison staff to identify those at risk 

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Allison & Sloan 2015

- Governments fault as they cut education so only 1% prison population receive it

- 24+ have to get a loan for GCSE +

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Evans and Willgress 2016

- HMP Birmingham riot seen as a result of a lack of prison officers and increased isolation

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