Organic Reagents And Their Reactions AS Chemistry OCR. 3.5 / 5 based on 4 ratings ? ChemistryReactionsASAll boards Created by: Kiaya WatsonCreated on: 31-03-12 19:39 Homolytic Fission What is Homolytic Fission? - Each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons - Each atom now has a radical - (unpaired electron) - Two radicals are produced X-Y --> X. + Y. (Radicals) 1 of 7 Heterolytic Fission What is Heterolytic Fission? - One bonded atom shares both shared pair of electrons - Two ions produced - ( + & - ) - Atom that does not share electrons = + (positive ion) - Atom that shares both electrons = - (Negative ion) X-Y --> X+ + Y- (two ions) 2 of 7 Nucleophiles What is a nucleophile? - A reactant that attacks a electron defficient carbon, donating an electron pair - Have lone pairs - Delta negative partial charge - Examples: :BR- , :OH- , H2O: , :NH3 3 of 7 Electronphiles What is an electrophile? - A reactant that attacks an area of high electron density, recieving an electron pair. - Positive ions - Positive partial charge Examples: BR2, HBr, NO2 4 of 7 Addition Reactions What is an addition reaction? - Two reactants combine together to form one product - Molecules added across double bond of unsaturated molecule - Saturated molecule produced EG) Ethene + Bromine --> 1.2 Dibromoethane (Electrophile) 5 of 7 Substitution Reactions What is a substitution reaction? - An atom/group of atoms is replaced by with a different atom/group of atoms Example: Bromoethane + OH- --> Ethanol + Br- (nucleophile) (Bromide ion) 6 of 7 Elimination Reaction What is an elimination reaction? - One reactant forms two products - Water Molecule is removed from saturated molecule - forming a unsaturated moleucle and water (or another product) Example) (acid catalyst) Ethanol --> Ethene + H20 7 of 7
Basic concepts and hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes and analysis, Energy 1.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
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