Organelles in a cell Function of organelles in an cell 4.0 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? BiologyCellular processes and structureASAll boards Created by: JoCreated on: 26-12-10 14:54 Plasma Membrane Description Found on the surface of animal cells Found just inside cell wall of plant cell/prokaryotic cells Made of lipids and protein Function Regulates movement in and out of cell Receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals such as hormones Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic 1 of 13 Cell Wall Description Rigid Made up of polymer peptidoglycan Function Supports the cell Eukaryotic* and Prokaryotic (*only plant cells) 2 of 13 Nucleus Description Large organelle Has a double membrane containing pores Contains chromatin and the nucleolus Function Chromatin is made form DNA and proteins DNA controls the cell's activities Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm Nucleolus produces ribosomes Eukaryotic 3 of 13 Lysosome Description Round Membrane bound No clear internal structure Function Contains digestive enzymes These are seperated from cytoplasm by membrane Digest invading cells Break down damaged parts of cell Eukaryotic 4 of 13 Plasmid Description Small loops of DNA which aren't part of the chromosome Function Contain genes for antibiotic resistance Note: Circular DNA, one long strand of coiled DNA is also present in prokaryotic cell (*not in plasmid) Prokaryotic 5 of 13 Ribosome Description Very small Floats in cytoplasm/attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Function Where proteins are made Eukaryotic 6 of 13 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Description System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space Function Synthesises and processes lipids Eukaryotic 7 of 13 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Description A system of membranes covered in ribosomes enclosing a fluid-filled space Function Folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes Eukaryotic 8 of 13 Golgi Apparatus Description Group of fluid filled flattened sacs Function Processes and packages lipids and proteins Produces lysosomes Eukaryotic 9 of 13 Mitochondria Description Oval Double membrane Inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae Inside is the matrix, containing enzymes involved in respiration Function Site of aerobic respiration Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require large amounts of energy (including for active transport) Eukaryotic 10 of 13 Microvilli Description Folds in the plasma membrane Function Found in cells involved in absorption e.g. epithelial cells in small intestine Increase surface area (part of Ficks Law) Eukaryotic 11 of 13 Capsule Description A capsule of secreted slime Function Protects bacteria from attack by the immune system Prokaryotic 12 of 13 Flagellum Description Long, hair-like structure Function Rotates to make the bacterium move Prokaryotic 13 of 13
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