Organelles in a cell

Function of organelles in an cell

?
  • Created by: Jo
  • Created on: 26-12-10 14:54

Plasma Membrane

Description

  • Found on the surface of animal cells
  • Found just inside cell wall of plant cell/prokaryotic cells
  • Made of lipids and protein

Function

  • Regulates movement in and out of cell
  • Receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals such as hormones

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic 

1 of 13

Cell Wall

Description

  • Rigid
  • Made up of polymer peptidoglycan

Function

  • Supports the cell

Eukaryotic* and Prokaryotic (*only plant cells)

2 of 13

Nucleus

Description

  • Large organelle
  • Has a double membrane containing pores
  • Contains chromatin and the nucleolus

Function

  • Chromatin is made form DNA and proteins
    • DNA controls the cell's activities
  • Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
  • Nucleolus produces ribosomes

Eukaryotic

3 of 13

Lysosome

Description

  • Round 
  • Membrane bound
  • No clear internal structure

Function

  • Contains digestive enzymes
  • These are seperated from cytoplasm by membrane
  • Digest invading cells
  • Break down damaged parts of cell

Eukaryotic

4 of 13

Plasmid

Description

  • Small loops of DNA which aren't part of the chromosome

Function

  • Contain genes for antibiotic resistance

Note: Circular DNA, one long strand of coiled DNA is also present in prokaryotic cell (*not in plasmid)

Prokaryotic 

5 of 13

Ribosome

Description

  • Very small
  • Floats in cytoplasm/attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Function

  • Where proteins are made

Eukaryotic

6 of 13

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Description

  • System of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space

Function

  • Synthesises and processes lipids

Eukaryotic

7 of 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Description

  • A system of membranes covered in ribosomes enclosing a fluid-filled space

Function

  • Folds and processes proteins made at the ribosomes

Eukaryotic

8 of 13

Golgi Apparatus

Description

  • Group of fluid filled flattened sacs

Function

  • Processes and packages lipids and proteins
  • Produces lysosomes

Eukaryotic

9 of 13

Mitochondria

Description

  • Oval
  • Double membrane
    • Inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae
  • Inside is the matrix, containing enzymes involved in respiration

Function

  • Site of aerobic respiration
  • Found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require large amounts of energy (including for active transport)

Eukaryotic

10 of 13

Microvilli

Description

  • Folds in the plasma membrane

Function

  • Found in cells involved in absorption e.g. epithelial cells in small intestine
  • Increase surface area (part of Ficks Law)

Eukaryotic

11 of 13

Capsule

Description

  • A capsule of secreted slime 

Function

  • Protects bacteria from attack by the immune system

Prokaryotic

12 of 13

Flagellum

Description

  • Long, hair-like structure

Function

  • Rotates to make the bacterium move

Prokaryotic

13 of 13

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cellular processes and structure resources »