Nutrition and Health

The seven scientific food groups are as follows:

- Water

- Fats

- Protein

- Vitamins

- Minerals

- Carbohydrates

- Fibre

*Carbohydrates give us quick release of energy

*Fats also give us energy as well as being need to make cell membranes

*Protein is need for growth and repair

*Vitamins are needed in tiny amounts and have different functions in the body e.g: vit C is  to prevent blood vessels leaking whereas Vit A is needed to prevent blindness

*Minerals are needed to help build structures in the body e.g iron is need to form red blood cells

*Fibre is need to prevent constipation

A deficiency disease is caused by the lack of one of the vitamins, minerals or other food chemicals

Food chemical

Deficiency Disease

protein

Kwashiorkor

Vitamin C

Leaking blood vessels (scurvy)

Vitamin D

Weak bones (rickets)

Vitamin A

Blindness

calcium

Soft bones and teeth

Iron

Anaemia

esophagus:

Muscular tube that squeezes the food down to the stomach

Stomach:

Acid conditions to kill microbes. Mashes food around. Chemical digestion of protein

Pancreas:

Squirts amylase enzyme onto the food in the small intestine to break down starch.

Squirts lipase onto the food in the small intestine to break down fats.

Small intestine:

Very long and contains many finger like villi to give a large surface area well supplied with blood. Villi are only one cell thick. digested food molecules can pass through the wall of the villi into the blood

Large intestine:

Absorbs most of the water from any remaining undigested food (fibre) to form faeces