Northumberland Foreign Policy

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  • Created by: kmules15
  • Created on: 13-01-22 17:49

France

- 1549 enstrangement with CV, war with FR - laid siege to Boulogne, failure to enforce marriage of Ed and MQS

- War with Fr = unpop + expensive

- Fr laid siege to Boulogne, Eng fleet beat Fr in Channel - meant Boulogne could be supplied by sea, but NL = no £

- HII K of Fr = afraid CV might help Eng (Boulogne = not too far from Neths) 

- 1550 talks began Eng and Fr

- 1550- T of Boulogne - Eng proposal was to sell B to Fr in return, marriage of MQS takes place

- Fr refused 

- After fall of Som, many wanted to aim for peace as they are dealing with enough 

- In principles NL agrees but is too busy consolidating his position 

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Treaty of Boulogne 1550

- Eng would withdraw from France

- Fr paid £133,333 to Eng (less than HVIII asked for but more than Fr wanted to pay 

- Eng soldiers removed from Scot 

- No MQS marriage

- Defensive alliance between Eng + Fr 

- Ed to marry Eliz, daughter of HII (T of Angers 1551)

- Eng king didn't have to give up claim to Fr throne 

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Conclusions on Boulogne

- Boulogne = militarily + strategically useless to England - too far from Calais - would have to conquer larger area to bring them together 

- Humiliating abandonment of HVIII FP - conquering Fr

- Eng had to accept Fr demands - T of Boulogne really benefitted Fr more than Eng 

- Eng couldn't afford it so it was best policy 

- Fr dominant in Scot too + armed forces depleted so they had no choice 

- Eng Nob saw it as a disgrace 

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Scotland

- Poor relationship with Scot (Rough Wooing etc) 

- Soon after T of Boulogne Eng withdrawn from Scot 

- Border issue still not resolved 

- 1500- NL did survey of border, found area in dispute was 15 x 4 miles

- NL strengthened garrisons at Berwick and Carlisle 

- 1551- Eng and Scot signed treaty of Norham - agreed the border would go back to the same siutation as it was in days of HVIII before Rough Wooing started (Eng gained nothing) 

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HRE / CV

- Relations with CV got worse 

- Defensive alliance with Fr in T of B in 1550 

- Prot changes in Eng - more radical, Ed forces Protestantism on others 

- Pressure being put on Mary to conform to Prot, threatened by Ed

- Trade with Neths broke down 

- Eng had a tactless ambassador at court of CV on Prot and demanded to hold Prot services 

- CV put pressure on NL to attack Fr in HAbs - Valois wars, but NL resisted pressure 

- 1552- war broke out between Fr and HRE 

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Netherlands

- Cloth trade with Neths = important to Eng econ 

- Apr 1550- CV issued edict (proclamatioin) - allowing inquisition to arrest Prots in Neths 

- This annoyed Eng merchants so edict modified not to include foreigners 

- Many Dutch Prots fled to Eng = caused a collapse in Cloth Trade as most merchants = Prot. 

- 1551 = CV considered invasion of Eng 

- Eng responded with trade embargo on sale of cloth to Neths. Then cut of all trade

- Harms econs of both countries and CV wanted an alliance die to threat of Fr so by 1552 attempts to improve relationship between Eng and Neths/CV

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Events on the Continent

- 1551 - Eng = neutral in EUr

- Mar 1552- Habs-Valois War restarted 

- Both sides wanted Eng help, NL refused 

- Then Fr invaded Neths - CV asked for Eng help 

- NL strengthened garrison at Calais, but does not want to fight 

- NL still didn't want to drag Eng in to Eur war so volunteered to act as intermediary fpr both sides in Jan 1553 

- Fr not interested so June 1553- negotiations collapsed

- NL then too busy with Ed death and Succession crisis 

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