Non-Communicable Disease Case Studies

• 110,000 deaths a year
• 240 men and 210 women die each day
• Largest single cause of death in UK

• Government was set to reduce death rate from CHD and stroke in people under 75 by atleast 40% by 2010. 
• Risk assesment, if doctor feels you're at risk
• Smoking decreased by 35%
• Average UK's blood pressure reduced by 7.7% - 5870 fewer deaths
• Popultaion total cholesterol concentrations fell by 4.2% - 5770 fewer deaths

• CHD costs NHS in UK £15 billion annually

Management

• UK encourages people to stop smoking
• Healthy diet to maintain cholesterol at good levels
• Exercise and medication
• Maintain low blood pressur level
• Active lifestyle

Cause and Effect

• 18.8% of all deaths
• Reversal in disease patterns from communicable to non communicable. 
• Malaria, which had been the leading cause, now accounts for only 2.8% of deaths
• Westernisation
• 70% of urban indian population at risk of being diagnosed with cardiovascular disease
• WHO - global CHD deaths among women at 8.6 million, with 34% of that from women in India

Westernisation of Indian Culture

• Smoking 
• 92 million/285 million smokers don't know it is bad for them - lack of education
• Second hand smoke kills 600,000 people every year - 100,000 of which are children. 
• 87% of second hand smoke deaths are due to CHD.
• Binge drinking

Treatment

• No adequate programmes to deal with it

Methods of decreasing number of CHD deaths:

• smoke free legislation
• tobacco taxation
• education on causes of heart disease
• mass media campaigns
• promotion of better diets
• educate doctors and nurses on what symptoms to look for to allow for early diagnosis

Management

• Survey salt consumption
• ^ projected to have the same impact as smoking cessation initiatives
• 3-in-1 pill - control blood pressure among poorly resourced communities 

Kenya

• Kenyan-Heart has developed a manual to be used as a tool kit guide for teachers in primary schools
• This will help educators teach children about healthy diet and physical activity in a fun and exciting way
• The tools in this manual can be adapted easily to suit your needs using whatever material is locally available to the facilitators and the students
• 5 lessons to be carried out for 5 weeks
• After 5 weeks a good foundation will have been set, allowing for children and teachers to build on

China

• The China International Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention
• Established out of need for more appropriate and effective health policy and research to prevent and manage the chronic diseases affecting hundreds of millions of Chinese
• Support research into new or improved approaches to prevent chronic disease in developing countries