Political Party, Social Movement and School which dominated second temple era
The word Pharisee means "set apart"
Belief in the Torah (divine law of Moses) and the Talmud (oral law)
Written in mishnah
Strict observers of the law, Josephus "Most accurate interpreters of the law
Most were lawyers or scribes, P. Barrett "theological and moral watchdogs"
Believed in righteousness came from salvation by works not grace
Keen on keeping Judaism pure , disagreed with the concept of a priest king (can't proclaim)
New line of the Hasmoneans weren't from the priest family of the zadokites (throne not pure)
King can't hold 2 positions, Torah says they can't control power and money (Jesus agreed)
Marriage led to Romans controlling the country
Belief in the soul, spirit world, after life and soul predestination
belief in future rewards or punishments depending on the work they done
Belief of the after life and the resurrection of the body, life after death, immortality
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Sadducee's
Third biggest sect between 150BCE to 70CE
Little is written about them as there own writings had not survived although Josephus and written about them
Had conflicts with the Pharisees, Vehemently opposed them
Made up of wealthy Jews and wealthy Jews who were not part of the group sympathized for them (because they understood their views on politics and religious rulings)
Had a conservative outlook and only looked at the written law of Moses, no belief in the Talmud which was considered blasphemous, angered Pharisees
Followed their own laws and written it on the Book of Decrees
Denied bodily resurrection as well as spirit world, meaning they didn't believe in life after death (denied absolute predestination with man's free will resulting on one's own consequences
God isn't concerned with human action and Josephus said they believed in the here and now
Heavy influence on second temple and also the Torah
Described as wild and barbarous by Josephus (because of opposition by pharisees)
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Sadducee's 2
Punishments from the Sanhedrin as well
"people who did not stand in mainstream Jewish orthodoxy)
Jesus cleansing of the temple gave them his views on them
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Essenes
Religious group that flourished during 2nd century BCE
Scholars claim that they had succeeded from the Zadokites
Essenes lived in various cities but congregated in communal life and had been associated with:
Asceticism
Voluntary Poverty
Abistenece from worldly pleasures including marriages and daily baptisms
Josephus had described the essenes as living in large numbers and thousands lived throughout Judea
Believed that they were the last of the teachers of righteousness, aaronic high priests, and High Guard Messiah, similar to the prophet, Priest and King expectations of the Pharisees
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