NERVOUS COMMUNICATION

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  • Created by: Kyle Ford
  • Created on: 26-02-18 11:43

RESPONSE OF ORGANISMS

- INCREASE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL - RESPOND TO CHANGES IN EXTERNAL ENVIRON.

- RESPOND TO INTERNAL - MAKE SURE CONDITIONS OPT. - METABOLISM

- PLANTS - RESPOND TO EXTERNAL

- ANY CHANGES IN INTERNAL/EXTERNAL - STIMULUS

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RECEPTORS

- DETECT STIMULI
- CAN BE CELLS
- PROTEINS ON CELL SURFACE MEMBRANE

- DIFFERENT RECEPTORS - DETECT DIFFERENT STIMULI

- EFFECTORS
- BRING ABOUT A RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
- PRODUCE AN EFFECT

COMMUNICATE TOGETHER VIA NERVOUS / HORMONAL SYSTEM

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

MADE UP OF NEURONES

- SENSORY NEURONES 
- TRANSMIT ELECTRICAL IMPULSE
- FROM RECEPTORS TO CNS (BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD)

- MOTOR NEURONES
- TRANSMIT ELECTRICAL IMPULSE
- FROM CNS --> EFFECTORS

- RELAY NEURONES
- TRANSMIT ELECTRICAL IMPULSE
- BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR

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NERVOUS SYSTEM (2)

- STIMULUS DETECTED BY RECEPTOR CELLS
- ELECTRICAL IMPULSE SENT ALONG SENSORY NEURONE

- ELECTRICAL IMPULSE - REACH END OF NEURONE
- NEUROTRANSMITTERS - TAKE INFO TO NEXT NEURONE
- SEND ELECTRICAL IMPLSE

- CNS - PROCESS INFO
- SEND IMPULSE
- ALONG MOTOR NEURONE - TO EFFECTOR

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2 NERVOUS SYSTEMS

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

- MADE UP OF BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

PERIPHEAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

- MADE UP OF NEURONES THAT CONNECT CNS TO REST OF BODY
- SPLIT INTO TWO:

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CONTROL CONSCIOUS ACTIVITIES - E.G. RUNNING...

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CONTROL UNCONSCIOUS ACTIVITIES
- TWO DIVISIONS
- SYMPATHETIC - GET BODY READY FOR ACTION - FIGHT/FLIGHT
- PARASYMPATHETIC - CALM BODY DOWN - REST/DIGEST

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REFLEX'S

BODY RESPONSE TO STIMULI - NO CONSCIOUS DECISION
- REALLY FAST
- RECEPTOR TO EFFECTOR

SIMPLE REFLEX - HELP PROTECT BODY - RAPID

PATHWAY OF NEURONES - RECEPTOR TO EFFECTOR = REFLEX ARC

SIMPLE REFLEX ARC
- THERMORECEPTOR - DETECT HEAT STIMULUS
- SENSORY NEURONE - CARRY IMPULSE TO RELAY
- RELAY NEURONE - CONNECT TO MOTOR
- MOTOR NEURONE - SEND IMPULSE TO EFFECTOR (E.G. BICEPS MUSCLE)
- MUSCLE CONTRACT - WITHDRAW HAND - NO DAMAGE

- RELAY NEURONE - COULD OVERRIDE REFLEX
- BRAIN TELL TO WITHSTAND HEAT

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NERVOUS SYSTEM COMMUNICATION

ELECTRICAL IMPULSE REACH END OF NEURONE

- NEUROTRANSMITTERS - SECRETE DIRECTLY ONTO TARGET CELLS
- NERVOUS RESPONSE = LOCALISED


- NEUROTRANSMITTERS - QUICKLY REMOVED = SHORT LIVED

- ELECTRICAL IMPULSE - REALLY FAST = RAPID

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