CHARACTER EXPRESSING FEELINGS ALONE

• Tenor and orchestra
• English resonance
• Impressionist elements with influences from Ravel
• Luminous textures
• Folksong influences
• Pastoral like Vaughan Williams
• Bare texture (emptiness)

Harmony & tonality: B minor

• Imperfect cadence bars 9(3)-10(1)
• The underlying harmonic progression in bars 51-52 forms a strong perfect cadence in the tonic key, but the vocal line fails to resolve the C# from chord V = powerful unresolved dissonance
• Chromaticism at 50(3)- chord V inc. G (minor 9th), approached secondary dominant (C#)
• The shift away from the tonic at the end of the second verse prepares for a new 'thought'

Accompaniment

• Bare texture suggests emptiness
• Repeated dissonance (minor 2nd) suggests discomfort- relentless, monotonous
• Static chords (bars 3-6) suggest boredom, nothing changing
• Descending bass chords moving slowly by step = gloom, lethargy
• 'Dark'-sounding instrumentation: clarinet, low strings
• String tremolo throughout gives a flutter that might suggest agitation beneath the stillness
• Doubles the vocal line throughout the second passage

• Throbbing bass during the account of the dream = Jud's heartbeat
• Flickering semiquavers might suggest agitation and/or shining moon
• Prominent upper strings give a 'romantic' feel
• Harp glissandi might suggest magical transformation
• Strong brass chords reflect Jud's growing confidence

Vocal line

• Begins with a restricted range: D-G
• From bar 7 it centres around F# in a monotonous way; the same three pitches are repeated three times in succession in bars 7-9
• Rhythms are not varied nor expressive- mainly crotchets and quavers set syllabically
• The only expressive moment is the pair of slurred notes on "lone-ly" bar 9(3)- sums up Jud's situation and how he feels about it
• Recitative-like; sets the scene, introduces a more charged, lyrical, song-like section later

• When recalling dream, pitch rises gradually = hope/excitement F#-G-A-B
• Rising patterns bars 30-34 in a strong rhythm that emphasises the upward movement and the words "hair" and "face", culminating on "storm" on the highest note of the song (C#)