MUSIC features for each topic
10 key features for the key topics in each Area of Study
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- Created by: Marianne Bradley
- Created on: 04-05-09 10:35
Musicals
- Solo - expresses character's feelings
- Songs instead of words - some dialogue
- Music in a popular style - e.g. Jazz, Pop, Rock
- Action song - moves plot forward
- CHorus number - most of/all cast
- Broadway - American musical
- Based loosely around Opera - structure and methods - Oratorio,Overture
- Lloyd Webber/Rice and Rodger/Hammerstein
- Convincing characters
- Orchestral/band accompaniment
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Dance music
- Loops
- Cuts
- Repetition
- Samples
- Four to the floor beat
- Vocoder
- Musical Instrument Digital Interface
- Warehouse club in Chicago- 1985- influence for House music
- Reverberation
- Equalizer
- Turntable
- Techno Kit
- Jungle
- Drum n Bass
- DJ driven - use of decks - must be able to synchronize tracks without hearing a join
- Remixing
- Irrelevant - no storyline
- synthesizer
- Breakdown
- Series of episodes over drum/bass foundation
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Ternary
- ABA structure
- CLassical period
- Combination of 19th century character pieces
- "A" section ends on closed cadence"
- "B" Section ends on open cadence
- Da Capo Aria - common song in an opera - ternary form
- Minuet - dances - instrumental
- Trio- texture of 3 parts
- Tchaikovsky - Dance of the Reed Pipes - Nutcracker
- Early 18th Century suites - pairing two similar dances
- B section - contrast - Change in key - Change in time
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Experimental
- Graphic score
- Aleatoric (chance) music
- Extended vocal technique e.g. farmyard animals
- Stockhausen
- Freedom within certain boundaries of interpretation
- Manipulation
- Lack of tonality
- Stockhausen
- Flutter Tonguing
- Silence
- John Cage 4 mins 33
- Unconventional
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Minimalism
- Motific development
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Phase shift
- Repetition
- Terry Riley
- Steve Reich
- Philip Glass
- "In C" most famous example
- Loops
- Layering
- Harmony slowly changes
- Clapping Rhythms
- Polyrhythms
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Serialism
- Tone row
- Schoenberg
- Inversion - played upside down
- Retrograde- played backwards
- Retrograde inversion
- Monophony
- ATonal
- Pantonality -all keys
- Octave displacement
- Transposition
- Random
- Uses all 12 semitones
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Ground Bass
- Baroque (1600-1750)
- Found in many types of Baroque vocal/instumental music
- More and more complex decorations added as the piece progresses
- Continous set of variations over the top
- "Basso Ostinato" - Italian term
- Melodic sequence
- Limited Chords
- Scalic Figuration
- Slight changes to ground bass throughout the piece
- Motif (ostinato)
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VAriations
- Change in features
- Ground Bass underneath
- Change in time
- Change in Key
- Theme
- Baroque
- Used in Rondo, Ternary, and Ground Bass
- Paganini's Caprice
- Chaconne - 3/4 time
- Canonic
- Passacaglia
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Rondo
- ABACA
- Episodes
- Theme
- Variation
- Baroque
- Contrast
- Repetition
- Similar to ternary
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Electronic Music
- Vocoder
- Reverberation
- Repetition
- Reverb
- Loop
- Sample
- Tape recorder
- Multitrack
- Panning
- DRum Machine
- Layering
- Equalizer
- Musique Concrete - based on everyday sounds
- Sequenceing used as a composition tool - pieces written to involve a sequencer
- MIDI (music Instruemnt Digital Interface)
- John Cage
- Stockhausen
- 1950s - technology became widely available
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Britpop
- Song lyrics based upon everyday life
- Typical band setup: drums, bass, guitar, vocals
- Verse, Chorus, Middle 8
- Simple chord structure
- The Kinks, The Smiths, The Beatles all inspirational
- Blur, Oasis, Pulp, Suede
- Local dialect
- Use of ideas/motifs and references from influential 60s bands
- Satirical/Popular modern issues
- Manchester sound - Stone roses, The Smiths, Oasis
- North vs South
- REaction to AMerican Dominance
- 32 bar song strcture - 8,8,8,8
- Middle 8 provides contrast
- Intro and Outro
- Use of Bar Chords
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African
- Call and reponse
- Repetition and Variations
- Polyphonic rhythms
- Djembe
- Donno
- Cow Bell
- Talking Drum
- Harmonies
- Oral tradition
- Celebratory
- Motifs
- Singing A Capella (without accompaniment)
- National identity through music
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Indian
- Alap
- Jhor
- Jhala
- Gat/Bandish (Gat only instruments)
- Raga
- Tampura
- Tabla
- Sitar
- Sarod
- Sam
- Note Bending
- Improvisation
- Cyclic rhythms
- Drone
- Motifs
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Fusion
- Bhangra
- Bollywood
- Ornaments
- Raga,alap, jhor
- Textured pieces
- Sitar
- Drone
- Upbeat
- Scalic
- Motifs
- African singing with Western pop
- Call and response
- Drums
- Master drummer
- Ladysmith Black Mambazo
- A Capella
- Harmonies
- Layering
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