Musculoskeletal System

• Protection of vital organs ( ribcage protects lungs and heart)
• Muscle attatchment ( joining bone to muscle for movement)
• Joints for movement ( bone to bone)
• Blood cell production ( White blood cells to fight disease, red blood cels to deliver oxygen, platelets to clog blood, plasma is transporing dissolved substances around the body)
• mineral storage

• Long bones- leverage in movement ( tibia, humerus, femur)
• Short bones- wieght bearing ( tarsals, carpals)
• Flat bones- protection and muscle attatchment (cranium, ribs, pelvis)
• Irregular bones- protection and muscle attatchment (platella, vertebrae)

• Pivot Joint- moves around a single axis (atlantoaxial joint ( top of neck))
• Ball and socket- has highest freedom of movement ( shoulder, hip)
• Hinge joint- movement only alllowed in one plane ( elbow, knee, ankle)
• Condoloid joint- ( wrists and knee)
• Gliding joint- flat or slightly curved bone glide against one another ( wrists and ankle)

• flexion/extension- ( bicep curl)
• Abduction/adduction- (backstroke arm pull)
• Rotation - movement around an axis (twisting hand)
• Circumduction- movement in a circle ( butterfly arm pull)
• Dorsi/plantar flexion- flexion and extension at feet

Ligaments-Connects bone to bone and holds a jount together. Prevents dislocations and is tough but slighlty elastic

Tendons- connects muscle to bone to when the muscle contratcws that effort is transferred into movement.

Tendons allow movement, ligaments prevent the movement going too far