Mozart symphony No.40 in G minor (first movement)

Movemnt is in sonata form, in key of G minor.

Exposition

• First subject: falling motif to repeated rythum played by string first.
• Second subject: melody with descending chromatic patterns played by strings and woodwind. In B flat major (relative major)

Devolpment

• Based on first subject, which is fragmented and devloped. Moves through keys, starts on F#.

Recapulation

• First and second subject: repetition of respective subjects with some variation. 
• Coda: repeated perfect cadences in G minor

• Most melodies are made up of balanced, four or eight-bar question and answer phrases.
• Question phrases finish with imperfect cadences and answer pharses finish with perfect cadences.
• Many phares are scalic(based on scales).

Harmony is diatonic and functional, based round  major and minor traids.

Also:

• chromatic chords eg. dimished 7th and agumentated 6th.
• circle of fiths progression.
• pedal notes in cello before second subject starts.

• Metre is 4/4 thourghout.
• Tempo is molto allegro=very fast.
• short rythmic ideas repeated to create unity.
• rythms are fairly simple although some dotted rythms and syncopation  to help keep momentum and add interest.

Texture mostly homophonic. Also examples of:

• Conterpint and imitation in devolpment.
• Octave doublings, frequently used.
• Dialouge between woodwind and strings at the start of the second subject.

In exposition:

• First subject is quiet apart from short passage in the middle.
• Transition is loud.
• Second subject begins quiet gets louder towards end.

Devolpment:

• Starts and ends quietly but loud in the middle.

Recapulation

• Similar dynamics to the expostion.

Dynamics terressed ( occur suddenly), only a few cresendos and no dim.

Chamber orchestra- string, woodwind and horns.

• strings play most of the time. They play a vareity of material such as the melody, quick running scales,sustained notes and forcful chords.
• woodwind doesnt play as much. More sustained chords and less quick runs. Share start of the second subject with strings.
• Horns in G and Bb. This maximises the number of notes they can play between them.
• Mostly play held or repeted notes to sustain harmonies.