MOVEMENT ANALYSIS

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TYPES OF LEVERS

Fulcrum = the fixed point at which the lever turns or is supported. Also called the 'axis'.

Load = the weight or 'resistance' that the lever must to move

Effort = the force required to move the load. Also called the 'force'.

  • First class: fulcrum midway between load and effort (e.g. line-out in rugby)
  • Second class: load between fulcrum and effort (e.g. press up)
  • Third class: effort between load and fulcrum (e.g. paddling in a kayak)

Mechanical advantage measures the efficiency of a leaver.

Mechanical advantage = effort arm / load (resistance) arm

Effort arm - the distance from the effort to the fulcrum

Load arm - the distance from the load to the fulcrum

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TYPES OF LEVERS

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BASIC MOVEMENTS

  • Flexion: decrease in the angle of bones at a joint. e.g. knee - before kicking a ball
  • Extention: increase in the angle of bones at a joint. e.g. knee - whilst kicking a ball
  • Abduction: movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body. e.g. arms & legs - outward star jump
  • Adduction: movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body. e.g. arms & legs - inward star jump
  • Dorsiflexion: movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle. e.g. ankles - squat
  • Plantar flexion: movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle. e.g. ankles - jump
  • Rotation: a circular movement around a joint/axis. e.g. shoulder - bowling in cricket
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PLANES OF MOVEMENT AND AXES OF ROTATION

  • Plane = an imaginary line that splits the body in two and depicts the direction of movement.
  • Axis = an imaginary straight line through the body which it rotates around. 
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PLANES OF MOVEMENT AND AXES OF ROTATION

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