Motivation Theorists

• His theory was known as 'Scientific Management'.
• He believed that workers were only motivated by money.
• Used piece rate and also used profits to pay workers more which lead to more productivity.
• Broke down tasks into small components (production line).

ADVANTAGES

• Skilled at small tasks
• Higher level of output

DISADVANTAGES

• Can increase costs of HR
• Tasks are repetitive and bore staff

• His theory was known as the 'Human Relations Theory' or 'The Hawthorne Effect'.
• Thought that Taylor's theory had some problems.
• Devises an experiment at Hawthorne Electric Plant outside of Chicago.
• He gets two groups of workers doing the same jobs and one was a control group.
• He changes lighting levels, working conditions, breaks etc. but found that productivity increases even when these are put back to the original levels.
• He concluded that productivity can be improved by better communication with managers (people are not just motivated by money).

ISSUES:

• Only used young women
• Small group of people in one place
• Only works with some employees

• His theory was called 'Hierarchy of Needs' (1940).
• American Psychologist and university professor.

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS (BOTTOM TO TOP):

• Physiological Needs - Food, shelter, warmth.
• Safety & Security Needs - Job security, safe environment, clear role, pension.
• Social Needs - Team working, communication, social facilities.
• Esteem Needs - Status, recognition, power, trust.
• Self Actualisation - Self fulfilment
• (Maslow says that people must have the lower levels in order to achieve the higher levels)

CRITISISMS:

• Do not necessarily need all layers to be motivated.
• Does not take into account the enjoyment of the work.

• His theory was the Two-Factor Theory (1950's)
• He interviewed 200 workers about what they like and dislike about work.
• Hygiene Factors - will prevent dissatisfaction if provided for but do not necessarily motivate.
• Motivation Factors - motivate people to work quickly and to high standards.

HYGIENE FACTORS

• Working Conditions, Supervision, Basic Wage/Salary, Company Policy & Administration, Interpersonal Relations.

MOTIVATORS

• Achievement, Recognition for Achievement, The work itself, Responsibility, Advancement

• You have to meet all of the hygiene factors and then add as many motivators as possible.