Buses in the south were segregated,front rows for white and back rows for black, however if there was no room then blacks had to give up their seat to whites.
December 1 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man, she was arrested and fined $14.
(MIA) was formed leader was MLK.
Boycott hit bus companies hard majority of the passengers were black, they lost 65% of their revenue.
King was fined $500 and sentenced to 1 year in prison however he served just 2 weeks due to overcorwding.
21st December 1956 Montgomery Bus Company desegregated buses
SIGNIFICANCE
Showed MLK leadership qualities
significance of media involvement
lengths to which white authorities would go to defend segregation
importance of black customers
SCLC was established.
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LITTLE ROCK CAMPAIGN (1957)
Little Rock school enrolled nine black students
Orval Local Govenor ordered National Guard to prevent them from getting in.
president Eisenhower ordered Faubus to withdraw National Guards
25 September escourted by National Guard enrolled at Little Rock School.
Faubus used his pwer to close Little Rock as a result 4000 students black and white were forced to find education elsewhere.
Supreme Court ruled that it is illegal to prevent segrregation for any reason.
SIGNIFICANCE
Testing Supreme Court Rulings esuring de jure lead to de facto.
Forced Eisenhower to accept desegreagation.
Showed the extent of how white southerners opposed desegregation.
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GREENSBORO SIT-INS ( 1960)
Happened in public places.
February 1960 4 locl students entered a Woolworths store and sat in white only seats at the counter.
27 students on the second day.
300 by the 4th day
store closed temporarily.
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SNCC
SIT INS FROM 1960-1961
demonstrated ivil rights campaigns could spread quickly.
media coverage.
showed economic power of blacks
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FREEDOM RIDES (1961)
Were designed to turn de jure to de facto.
They were organised by CORE.
Freedom riders were expected to meet violent oppositions and planned to use this to gain media attention.
Local police were instructerd to not intervene when Ku Klux Klan threw fire bombs.
Medics refused to intervene when white crowds beat the riders with baseball bats.
SIGNIFICANCE
They marked a new high point of co-operation within the civil rights movement as they involved CORE SNCC nad SCLC.
They showed new Kennedy administration was sympathetic toward Civil rights.
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THE ALBANY MOVEMENT(1961-1962)
SNCC targeted Albany Georgia.
Chief Laurie pritchett studied the sturatagey of the protestors and adopted a new approach designed to deny them media attention.
Local police to treat protestors with respect in public and to prevent RACIST VIOLENCE.
further more king was arrested during this campaign
SIGNIFICANCE
Peaceful prtects did not always bring about change.
led to divisions within the civil rights movement.
King acknowledged that his tactics did not work.
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JAMES MERIDETH AND UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI(1962)
Became the first black student at Mississppi
However the govenor didn't allow him to enrol
Supreme court backed Merideth.
Govenor refused to provide Merideth woth protection and he was faced by a mob of white racist people.
It says in Card 2 at the bottom that the Supreme Court ruled to make it illegal to prevent 'segregation', but what I think it is meant to say is, in Cooper v. Aaron (1958) it said any law that sought to keep public schools segregated was unconstitutional.
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