Module 1 Atoms and reactions

UNIT 1 Atoms. Bonds and Groups 

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  • Created by: Parmz
  • Created on: 13-03-13 20:59

Isotopes

Are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Atomic number (proton)

Is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. 

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Mass number (nucleon)

is the number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus. 

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Ion

Positively or negatively charged atom.

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Relative Isotopic Mass

is the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. 

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Relative Atomic Mass

Is the weighted mean mass of an atom compared with one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

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Relative Molecular Mass

Is the weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. 

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Relative Formula Mass

Is the weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. 

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Avogadro constant

Is the number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02 x 10,23 mol -1) 

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Mole

Is the amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope.

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Molar Mass

is the mass per mole of a substance. Units: g mol-1 

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Empirical Formula

Is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. 

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Molecule

Is a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. 

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Molecular Formula

Is the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. 

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Molar Volume

Is the volume per mole of a gas. Units: dm-3 mol-1. 

Room temperature approx. 24.0dm3 mol-1 

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Concentration

The amount of solute in mol, dissolved per 1dm3 (1000cm3) of solution. 

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Standard solution

Is a solution of known concentration. (Usually used in titrations) 

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Species

Is any type of particle that takes part in a chemical reaction. 

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Stoichiometry

Is the molar relationship between the relative quantites of substances taking part in a reaction. 

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Acid

Is a species that is a proton donor

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Base

Is a species that is a proton acceptor 

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Alkali

Is a type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions

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Salt

Is any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion, such as the ammonium ion. 

Cation - positively charged ion 

Anion - negatively charged ion 

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Hydrated

Contains water molecules

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Anhydrous

Contains no water molecules

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Water of crystallisation

Refers to water molecules that forman essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound. 

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Oxidation number

Is a measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another elements. 

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Oxidation

Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number 

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Reduction

Gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number 

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Redox Reaction

A reaction where both oxidation and reduction take place. 

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Reducing Agent

Is a reagent that reduces (adds electron to) another species. 

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Oxidising Agent

Is a reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species. 

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