Modernism

-          Short, intense and creates a strong image in your head

-          No rhyme scheme; free verse

-          Just the land and the sea and not much else

-          An ‘Oread’ is a tiny and beautiful nymph

-          The Oread keeps telling the sea what to do ‘splash your great pines’

o   Connection between humans and nature

-          She rewrites Yeat’s ‘Leda and the Swan’ – she flips a patriarchal ****** to a feminist perspective, subverting a classical interpretation by empowering Leda who was once presented as a victim.

-          She ‘outspreads and rests’ 

-          Her poetry incorporated natural scenes and objects which were used to emote a particular feeling or mood

-          She was unapologetic for her sexuality and became an icon for feminist movements and LGBT rights

-          Ezra Pound

-          Richard Aldington

-          Hilda Doolittle

Key Theme: To eliminate the past

"To admire an old painting is the same as pouring our sensibility into a funery urn"

"Things fall apart, the centre cannot hold' 

First Stanza: describes the conditions present in the world (anarchy etc.)

Second Stanza: surmises from these conditions that a second coming will take place 

The Second coming was intended by Yeats to represent the current historical moment in terms of gyres. 

- He believed the world was on the threshold of an apocolyptic revelation

- It was beginning to reach the inner gyre

Goes against the Romantics idea of originial creation and inspiration

- Eliot's concept of tradition foregrounds how important older writers are to contemporary writers

Like "drawing with your right hand when you're left handed' 

- The rhythm and sound give us meaning; she was a linguist - she new French and German and learnt English only at the age of five

- One editor said he didn't want to publish her because he liked sentences that mean't somehting

- She was an etomologist and used her poetry to go into the deep meanings of words

- Both herself and Picasso destabalised conventions 

- Her compositions are non-hierarchal; no beginning, middle or end

- Could compare her with Cezanne: he conceived the idea that in composition not one thing was more important than the other

"The moment before we write, we really did not know we knew them"

It is an explanation of the tortured pysche of the prototypical modern man

(e.g. uneducated, eloquent, neurotic and emotionally stilted)

- The poem is set in a big, dirty city and its speaker is afraid of living

- A warning, if you put something off once, you're likely to put it off forever

- The poem finishes with Prufrock dying in a salty ocean

A literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings and conscious reactions are depicted in a continuous flow, uninterupted by objective description or conventional dialogue

Richard Adlingotn: 

- Commented the novel has 'intimate detailed analysis of character to a point further than any writer I know"

- "He has lost the sense of mental boundaries"

- "In using myth in manipulating a continuous parallel between contemporaneity and antiquity"

- Structured using Homer's framework, closely referring to the 'Odyssey': Leopold Bloom is Ulysses

- The book pulls people to earth and reveals the way ordinary people make heroic quests in their daily lives: his wife cheated, he masturbated in public

- Joyce turns a day in a man's life into a heroic epic by opening up his thoughts and moving the epic from the realm of action to the realm of the mind

- o   Molly wants to know what metempsychosis is – Bloom has trouble explaining it but the basic idea is that it is reincarnation, your soul coming back again in another form.

o   Kenner takes the idea of metempsychosis and argues that Bloom is Ulysses reincarnated in the flesh.

§  They both came from creative minds of authors with similar purposes, they are very much one and the same, albeit different circumstances

- Plays with literary form and liberates the novel from conventionary structures

- The human realm vs. the non-human realm e.g. nature and the material world

"She is not really concerned in 'The Waves' with people ... she is only concerned with the symbols"

Different aspects of one character e.g. Bernard

- "I do not believe in separation. We are not single"