Model/Theories of memory

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  • Created by: EliseJ
  • Created on: 28-05-18 16:54

Multi-Store Model

Atkinson & Shriffin:

two process model of memory - showed how info flowed through the 2 stores of short term & long term memory - assuming the existence of sensory memory that precedes STM - termed Multi store model 

regarded stores as structural components of model - proposed number of control processes such as ATTENTION, CODING & REHEARSAL which operate in conjunction w/stores - info moves through 3 stores under control of various cognitive processes 

STM decays rapidly + limited capacity - Miller = hold between 5 & 9 items at 1 time - chunking of info lead to increase in STM capacity - if info not rehearsed within 15-30 secs info lost

model suggests we receive info from environment through 5 senses - automatically stored in sensory register up to 2 secs - large capacity 

Coding + rehearsal determine fate of info

capacity of LTM = infinite/ all types of encoding -- STM =acoustic encoding

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Working memory model

Baddeley & Hitch:

active store to hold + manipulate info 

3 separate components; central executive; phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE = controls attention + coordinates actions of other components - briefly store info w/limited capacity - store info in any sense modality 

PHONOLOGICAL LOOP=

articulatory control (inner voice) rehearses info 

phonological store (inner ear) receives input from ears/LTM 

VISUOSPATIAL = input from eyes or LTM - if imagine object rotating its from sketchpad

EPISODIC BUFFER= bind together all info from other components of working memory w/info about time + order -- prepares memory for storage in episodic LTM

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Reconstructive memory

Bartlett:

memory is more imaginative recronstruction of past events influenced by how we encode, store + retrieve info 

Memory not like blank tape - changed when we recall it - coding + retrieval depend on how well event is processed - attitudes + responses to events change memory for those events 

we use schemas we already have to interpret info + incorporate these into memory -- mental 'units' of knowledge corresponding to frequently encountered things

Although schemas can aid encoding + guide retrieval they can also lead to errors 

schemas capable of distorting unfamiliar or unconciously 'unacceptable' info to 'fit in' w/ existing knowledge or schemas 

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