Metals

Magnesium + zinc sulphate - magnesium sulphate + zinc

Magnesium displaced zinc. This tell us that magnesium is more reactive than zinc

Copper oxide + carbon - copper + carbon dioxide

The carbon is oxidised as it joins with oxygen
The copper oxide is reduced as it loses oxygen
This is a redox reaction as reduction (losing oxygen) and oxidisation (gaining oxygen) are both happening

This is where we get iron from ion ore

Iron oxide + carbon - iron + carbon dioxide
(Iron ore)

Limestone is added to remove rubbish in the rock and it makes **** which is waste material

Aluminium oxide + carbon - no reaction

It won't react so we use electrolysis

Al3+ are positive ions called cation (they are pawsitive)
O2- are negative ions called anions
Anions = A Negative ion

Using electrolysis is an expensive way of extracting metal because
-it uses a lot if electricity
-a lot of heat is needed to melt the ore to start with

From copper rich ores
-copper is found in the rock as a copper sulphide
-it is extracted by smelting - heat up in a furnace

Problems:
-The So2 releases acid rain
-heating up the furnace uses up fossil fuels and puts more Co2 into the air (greenhouse affect)
-produces lots if waste rock

Plants are grown on soil/rock containing copper

Plants take in the copper

Chopped down and burn the plant

Copper/copper compounds are found in the ash

Advantages:
-can use ores that only contain little copper
-uses less energy

Disadvantages:
-slow process as it involves plants growing
-more difficult in winter

Certain bacteria absorb metal compounds to produce a solution called LEACHATE. This has a high concentration of metal compounds.

Scrap iron may be used to get copper from the solution

An alloy is a mixture of several different metals

Pure iron:
All atoms are the same size so slide past each other

Steel(alloy):
Mixture of iron and carbon

Different size atoms
can slide past each
other - much stronger

Properties:
-anti bacterial
-non-magnetic
-tough
-recyclable
-easily joined

Uses:
-electrical products
-water pipes
-statues
-pots and pans
-musical instruments
-coins