Memory - incomplete

AO1 (Knowledge):

Coding - acoustic (Baddeley 1966 - list of semantically & accoustically similar & dissimilar words)

Capacity - 9.3 digits, 7.3 letter (Jacobs). Miller's magic number - 7±2. Also chunking can extend STM capacity.

Duration - up to 18s without rehearsal (Peterson & Peterson)

AO3 (Evaluation):

Coding - Artificial & meaningless stimuli - there was no significance to the list of words used - less ecologically valid.

Capacity - Extraneous variables such as distractions could affect your capacity. Cowan estimated a maximum of 4 chunks worked.

Duration - Artificial & meaningless stimuli - there was no significance to the trigrams used - less ecologically valid. It could have been displacement that impacted the recall, not decay.

AO1: 

Coding - semantic (Baddeley 1966 - list of semantically & acoustically similar & dissimilar words)

Capacity – Unlimited

Duration – Lifetime (Bahrick yearbooks) – recognition of faces was 90% and recall was 60% after 15 years. Recognition dropped to 70% after 48 years.

AO3:

Coding - Artificial & meaningless stimuli - there was no significance to the list of words used - less ecologically valid.

Capacity – Assumed to be limitless as research has not yet been able to determine finite capacity.

Duration – Recall often better when asking participants to recognise stimuli rather than getting them to recall stimuli.​ Sometimes info in LTM appears to be lost – may be problem of assess rather than it not being in LTM.

AO1:

Sensory Register - Iconic & echoic store, very brief duration, high capacity. Info is transferred to the STM via ATTENTION

STM - Limited capacity & duration, mainly acoustic coding. Info is transferred to LTM via REHEARSHAL

LTM – Unlimited capacity & duration. Permanent store, mainly semantic coding. Created through MAINTENANCE REHEARSHAL

AO3:

+ supporting research evidence that demonstrates the differences between LTM and STM

- There is more than one type of STM – studies on case studies (KF - amnesia) show there are different STMs for visual and auditory material; recall when reading info was higher than recall when hearing.

- There is more than one type of rehearsal e.g. elaborative

- Artificial stimuli

- There is more than one type of LTM

AO1:

Tulving proposed 3 types of LTM:

Episodic – memory for events in our lives (episodes of your life)

Semantic – memory for knowledge and facts

Procedural – automatic and skilled behaviours (driving, tying laces)

AO3:

+ Wearing & HM had damaged episodic memories but semantic and procedural were fine

+ Episodic & procedural memories are recalled from different parts of the pre-frontal cortex

+ You can use this information to help treat adults that have cognitive impairments

- Are there 3 types of LTM or 2 (Cohen & Squire) – declarative (episodic & semantic) and non-declarative (procedural)