Measuring Crime & Offender Profiling.

• Only measure reported and recorded crimes. 
• This leaves a dark figure. 

Self-Report Studies

• Unreliable answers - exaggeration etc.
• Biased selection of offences.
• Biased selection of interviews - e.g. leave out dangerous offenders.

Victim Surveys

• Collects information about fear and attitudes to crime. 
• Some types of crime excluded from surveys e.g. corporate crime.

Typology

• Interviews to establish different types - small sample - 36.
• Found that most offenders are organised - not enough evidence for disorganised for it to be called a type. 
• Lacks scientific evidence - more of an art than a science.
• Worked for Arthur Shawcross - returned to victims etc.
• Applied to all sexually motivated crimes.

Geographical

• Based on psychological theory - more science than typology.
• Useful for all types of crimes.
• Worked in the case of Peter Sutcliffe.
• Location of crime not enough on its own - behaviour also needs to be understood.