measuring waves

they are converted to electrical waves. in international phone calls, these waves are carried by electromagnetic waves from ground transmitters to sattalites in sapce and back to ground recivers, where they are converted back to electrical waves then back to sound waves.

the distance and direction from its equilibriem position.

The maximum displacment of a vibrating particale. For a transverse wave, this is the height of a wave crest or the depth of a wave trough from its equilbriem position.

The least distance between 2 adjacent vibrating particales with the same displacment and velocity at the same time. 

one complete cycle of a wave is from maximum displacment to the next maximum displacment 

the period of a wave is the total time for one complete wave to pass through a fixed point.

the number of cycles of vibration of a particale per second or the number of complete waves passing a point per second. frequancy is measured in hertz (hz)

• the higher the frequancy of the wave, the wavelength becomes shorter 
• if the frequancy is raised to a higer value, the waves are closer togother 
• each wave crest travels a distance equal to one wavelength in the time taken for one cycle 
• the time taken for one cycle=1/f where f is the frequancy of the waves 

• the phase of a vibrating particale at a ceartin time is the fraction of a cycle it has completed since the start of the cycle.
• phase diffrence between 2 vibrating particales at the same frequancy is the fraction of  cycle between the vibrations of the 2 particales.
• it can be measured in degrees or radians 
• 1 cycle = 360 degrees= 2 pi (radians)