1. Topology - The shape of the tree.
2. Branch lengths - May be drawn to scale, to represent the inferred amount of change on the branch.
3. Root - The oldest point on the tree; the last common ancestor of all sequences on the tree. Trees are often rooted using an outgroup - an organism outside the taxa of study - to avoid needing to define the position of the root (i.e. if it is unknown).
4. Confidence - Bootstrap confidence values are assigned to each branch, to show the support for that branch. They show how many times that particular branch was found in bootstrap sample trees.
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