Latin
- All tenses in the four conjugations (in the active voice)
- Passive voice in the four conjugations
- Esse, To Be
- Amare, to love
- Monere, to warn
- Regere, to rule
- Audire, to listen/hear
- Personal and interrogative pronouns
- Expressions of time
- Case endings for the first, second and third declensions (masculine, feminine and neuter nouns)
- Adjectives (bonus, fortis, acer and sapiens)
- Cardinal and ordinal numbers
- Vocab
- Created by: Ella
- Created on: 26-05-13 16:25
Active voice - all tenses
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
amo amabam amabo amavi amaveram amavero
amas amabas amabis amavisti amaveras amaveris
amat amabat amabit amavit amaverat amaverit
amamus amabamus amabimus amavimus amaverimus amaverimus
amatis amabatis amabitis amavitis amaveritis amaveritis
amant amabant amabunt amaverunt amaveret amaverint
Passive voice - all tenses
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
amor amabar amabor amatus sum amatus eram amatus ero
amaris amabaris amaberis amatus es amatus eras amatus eris
amatur amabature amabitur amatus est amatus erat amatus erit
amamur amabamur amabimur amati sumus amati eramus amati erimus
amamini amabamini amabimini amati estis amati eratis amati eritis
amantur amabantur amabantur amati sunt amati erant amati erunt
Esse, to be
- The verb must be used to tell us what or where something is
- It must NOT be used to tell us what someone is doing
- The verb to be is NOT followed by an object in the accusative case, instead it is followed by a compliment in the NOMINATIVE case
Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
sum, I am eram, I was ero, I will be es,
you are eras, you were eris, you will be est,
he/she/it is erat, he/she/it was erit, he/she/it will be
summus, we are eramus, we were erimus, we will be
estis, you (pl) are eratis, you were eritus, you (pl) will be
sunt, they are erant, they were erunt, they will be
Monere, passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
moneor monebar monebor monitus sum monitus eram monitus ero
moneris monebaris moneberis monitus es monitus eras monitus eris
moneture monebatur monebitur monitus est monitus erat monitus erit
monemur monebamur monebimur moniti sumus monitus eramus monitus erimus
monemini monebamini monebamini moniti estis monitus eratis monitus eritis
monentur monebantur monebuntur moniti sunt monitus erant monitus erunt
Regere, passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
regor regebar regar rectus sum rectus eram rectus ero
regeris regebaris regeris rectus es rectus eras rectus eris
regitur regebatur regetur rectus est rectus erat rectus erit
regimur regebamur regemur recti sumus recti eramus recti erimus
regemini regebamini regemini recti estis recti eratis recti eritis
reguntur regebantur regentur recti sunt recti erant recti erunt
Audio, passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
audior audiebar audiar auditus sum auditus eram auditus ero
audiris audiebaris audieris auditus es auditus eras auditus eris
auditur audiebatur audietur auditus est auditus erat auditus erit
audimur audiebamur audiemur auditi sumus auditi eramus auditi erimus
audimini audiebamini audiemini auditi estis auditi eratis auditi eritis
audiuntur audiebantur audientur auditi sunt auditi erant auditi erunt
*The passive voice for amare, monere, regere and audire decline like BONUS, -A, -UM and MUST agree with the SUBJECT
Personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
NOM *ego, I *nos, we *tu, you *vos, you
VOC - - tu, you vos, you
ACU me, me nos, us te, you vos, you
GEN mei, of me *nostri, nostrum, of us tui, of you *vestri, vestrum, of you
DAT mihi, to/for me nobis, to/for us tibi, to/for you vobis, to/for you
ABL *me, by/with me *nobis, by/with us *te, by/with you *vobis, by/with you
*The latin for 'with me' is 'me cum' 'te cum', 'vobiscum' and 'nobiscum'
*The forms nostrum and vestrum are partative (ie. denotes taking part away)
*The normal word for work is laboramus, but nos laboramus means WE work.
Interrogative pronouns
Singular
M F N
NOM quis, who quis, who quid, what
ACCU quem, whom quem, whom quid, what
GEN cuius, whose cuius, whose cuius, of what
DAT cui, to/for whom cui, to/for whom cui, to/for what
ABL quo, by/with whom qua, by/with whom quo, by/with what
Plural
NOM qui, who quae, who quae, what
ACCU quos, whom quas, whom quae, what
GEN quorum, whose quarum, whose quorum, of what
DAT quibus, for/for whom quibus, to/for whom quibus, to/for what
ABL quibus, by/with whom quibus, by/with whom quibus, by/with what
Expressions of time
1. Time 'how long'
In English time 'how long' is expressed by the preposition for, eg. for ten days, for two hours etc. In Latin NO PREPOSITION IS USED, instead the phrase is put into the ACCUSATIVE case. eg. duas horas = for two hours
2. Time 'within which' - Cardinal numbers
This is expressed in English by prepositions such as in or within, eg. within ten days, within a month, in Latin NO PREPOSITION IS USED. Instead the phrase is put into the ABLATIVE case. eg. duabus horis = within 2 hours (horis, ablative case)
3. Time 'when' - Ordinal numbers
This is expressed in English with prepositions such as 'on' or 'at', eg. at 3 o'clock, on the first day etc. In Latin NO PREPOSITION MUST BE USED. Instead the time must be put into the ablative case. eg. secunda hora = at the 2nd hour (accent over the a of secunda and over the a of hora shows it is ablative)
First, second and third declension nouns
Puella, -ae, f, girl servus, -i, m, slave
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
NOM puella puellae servus servi
VOC puella puellae serve servi
ACCU puellam puellas servum servos
GEN puellae puellarum servi servorum
DAT puellae puellis servo servis
ABL puella puellis servo servis
Genitive plurals of the third declension
- Words like rex are divided into two classes:
a) increasing nouns which have more than one syllable in the genitive singular than in the nominative singular eg. miles, militis (m. soldier)
b) non increasing nouns which have the same number of sylables in the nominative and genitive singular eg. navis, navis(f. ship)
- In the genitive plual increasing nouns have -um (eg. militum) but non-increasing nouns have -ium (eg. navigium)
Exceptions
1) monosyllables with two consonants with m on the end of the stems have -ium although they increase; eg. pons, *pontis (m. bridge) *two consonants, gen. plural = pontium
2) the family group have -um although they are non-increasing; eg. mater, matris f, mother | pater, partis, m, father | frater, fratris, m, brother | invenis, -is, m, young man | senex, senis, m, old man | canis, canis, m/f, dog eg. plural of frater = fratrum
Bonus, -a, -um
singular m. plural singular f. plural singular n. plural
NOM bonus boni bona bonae bonum bona
VOC bone boni bona bonae bonum bona
ACCU bonum bonos bonam bonas bonum bona
GEN boni bonorum bonae bonorum boni bonorum
DAT bono bonis bonae bonis bono bonis
ABL bono bonis bona bonis bono bonis
fortis, fortis, forte (brave, strong)
singular m. plural singular f. plural singular n. plural
NOM fortis fortes fortis fortes forte fortia
VOC fortis fortes fortis fortes forte fortia
ACCU fortem fortes fortem fortes forte fortia
GEN fortis fortium fortis fortium fortis fortium
DAT forti fortibus forti fortibus forti fortibus
ABL forti fortibus forti fortibus forti fortibus
acer, acris, acre (keen)
singular m. plural singular f. plural singular n. plural
NOM acer acres acris acres acre acria
VOC acer acres acris acres acre acria
ACCU acrem acres acrem acres acre acria
GEN acris acrium acris acrium acris acrium
DAT acri acribus acri acribus acri acribus
ABL acri acribus acri acribus acri acribus
sapiens, -ientis (wise)*
singular m. plural singular f. plural singular n. plural
NOM sapiens sapientes sapiens sapientes sapiens sapientia
VOC sapiens sapientes sapiens sapientes sapiens sapientia
ACCU sapientem sapientes sapientem sapientes sapiens sapientia
GEN sapientis sapientum sapientis sapientium sapientis sapientium
DAT sapienti sapientibus sapienti sapientibus sapienti sapientibus
ABL sapienti sapientibus sapienti sapientibus sapienti sapientibus
*NOTE: adjectives like sapiens are listed with the listed with the nominative singular and genitive singular because 1. the nominative masculine, feminine and neuter are all the same, 2. we need to know how the stem changes when adding endings - just as we do with nouns like rex
Some adjectives like sapiens end in -x, with a stem which changes to c, eg. felix, felicis, fortunate | audax, audacis, daring, bold
Cardinal and ordinal
Cardinal Ordinal
I unus, -a, -um (one) primus, -a, -um (first)
II duo, -ae, -o (two) secundas, -a, -um (second)
III tres, tres, tria (three) tertius, -a, -um (third)
IV quattuor (four) quartus, -a, -um (fourth)
V quinque (five) quintus, -a, -um (fifth)
VI sex (six) sextus, -a, -um (sixth)
VII septum (seven) septimus, -a, -um (seventh)
VIII octo (eight) octavus, -a, -um (eigth)
IX novem (nine) nonus, -a, -um (ninth)
X decem (ten) decimus, -a, -um (tenth)
Only cardinal numers 1,2 and 3 decline. They agree with the noun they describe. Ordinal numbers place things in order eg. 1st, 2nd, 3rd. All ordinal numbers must agree with the noun they describe. All ordinal numbers follow bonus
unus, duo, tres
Singular Plural Plural
M F N M F N M F N
NOM unus una unum duo duae duo tres tres tria
VOC unus una unum duo duae duo tres tres tria
ACCU unum unam unum duos, duo duas duo tres tres tria
GEN unius unius unius duorum duarum duorum trium trium trium
DAT uni uni uni duobus duabus duobus tribus tribus tribus
ABL uno una uno duobus duabus duobus tribus tribus tribus
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