Language and region

Accent - way to pronounce words

Dialect - vocabulaary and grammar used

Pragmatics - pragmatic variations are possible in different regions of the country

• non-regional
• Trudgill 1974 - only 3% speakers use RP
• standard english is associated with RP

• research of East Anglian accent
• Norwich speakers used /n/ and RP use different 
• became 'sloppy speech'

Trudgill study:

men tended to over-report own usage within accent variation

covert - status gained from peer group recognition

overt - status that is publically acknowledged

how aspects of regional language - particularly vocabulary - have gradually been dying out.

list many differences between the grammatical systems used by contemporary regional speakers in different parts of the country

convergence and divergence

made same speaker perform different accents - matched guise technique

highlighted status, personality and persuasiveness of language

• an umbrella term covering a range of southern dialects
• glottal stops
• l - vocalisation
• confrontational tag Qs
• a classless profile
• Watson study of Liverpool - a dialetal island' with Estuary appearing in the north.

• a variety developed from a 'pdgin' and is used by speakers as their mother tongue  e.g. Carribean English
• Roger Hewitt 1986 - Black Cockney - a resistance identity
• Multicultural London English - refers to the spread around the UK
• code switching - between different languages in a sustained way