Language terms

• People
• Places
• Things

Common Nouns:

• Refers to types of people and

Concrete Nouns:

• Refers to physical things

Abstract nouns:

• Things that don't physically exist

Collective Nouns:

• Refers to groups of people, places and things

A word in a text that refers backwards to earlier in the text

A word in a text that refers to ideas later in the text for its meaning.

A phrase including adjectives and a noun (or article)

Article+adjective+ noun

Article+adjective+adjective+noun

Article+adjective+adjective+noun+adjective+adjective

Adjective+noun

Words that describe the 'head' word or give us more information about it.

Pre-modifying adjectives are placed before the noun they are describing.

Post-modifying adjectives are placed after the noun they are describing.

Comparative adjectives:

• Formed by adding-er to the adjective.
• Also formed by putting 'more' in front of the adjective.

Superlative adjectives:

• Formed by adding -est to the adjective.
• Also formed by putting 'most' in front of the adjective.

Dynamic Verbs:

• Express a wide range of actions which may be physical.

Stative Verbs:

• Express states of being or processes in which there is no obvious action.

Imperative Verbs:

• Command/ order instructions.

Modal Verbs:

• Convey a range of attittudes and moods about the likelihood of an event taking place.
• Used in conjunction with a main verb.

Verb Phrases:

• A phrase including a verb and adverb

Ususally indicate how one thing is in someway related to something else.

It is important to be aware that some words that have the form of a preopsition do not have the same functions.

Prepostional Phrases:

• A prepositional followed by a noun or noun phrase.
  • Preposition has to be the head of the phrase.

Modal auxiliaries:

• Used in conjunstion with a main verb.
• Conveys a range of attitudes and moods about the likelihood of an event taking place.

Auxiliary verbs are placed in front of main verbs

Adverb of Manner:

• Tells us how something is don or happens.
• Most end in-ly.

Adverb of Degree:

• Tells us the level or extent that something is done or happens.

Adverb of Place:

• Tells us where something is done or happens.

Adverb of Time:

• Tells us when something is done or happens.

Adverb of Frequency:

• Tells us how often something is done or happens.

Personal:

• Associated with a particular grammatical person.

Reflexive:

• Used when a person or thing acts on itself.

Reciprocal:

• used when referring to a reciprocal relationship.

Possessive:

• Used to indicate possesion.

Demonstrative:

• Used to point out a person or a thing specifically.

Indefinite:

• Used to refer to people or things generally rather than specifically.

Relative:

• Used to connect or relate one part of a sentence to another.

Interrogative:

• Used to ask question.

Words that take the place of nouns.

Normally relies an an anaphoric reference.

A sequence of words or terms that frequently co-occur.

Subject:

• Usually indicates the element responsible for carrying out the verb.

Verb:

• The verb being carried out.

Object:

• What is affected by the action/verb.

Complement:

• An attribute that provides more  information about a subject or object.

Adverbial:

• The circumstances of the action or event.

Subject+Verb

Subject+Verb+Object

Subject+Verb+Complement

Subject+Verb+Adverbial

Subject+Verb+Object+Complement

Subject+Verb+Object+Adverbial

Subject+Verb+Object+Object

Subject+Verb+Object+Complement+Adverbial

Coordinating conjunctions:

• Words that link clauses to form compound sentences.

Subordinating conjunctions:

• Words that link a main clause to a number of subordinate clauses in complex sentences.

Main Clause:

• A clause that can stand independently and make sense on its own.

Subordinate clause:

• A clause that is dependent on another to complete the full meaning of the sentence.

Declarative- Makes a statement.

Imperative- Tells someone to do something.

Interrogative- Asks a question.

Exclamative-Makes a statement expressing emotion.

Minor:

• Functions as a sentence but is grammatically incorrect.

Simple:

• One single independent clause with no dependent clause.

Compound:

• Two or more independent sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions.

Complex:

• One independent clause and at least one dependent/subordinate clause.

Compound-Complex:

• 2 main clauses but at least 1 subordinate clause.

A word with a noun directly following it.

Types:

• Articles (Definitie/Indefinite)
• Numbers (Ordinal and Cardinal)
• Possessive determiners (Used to uggests ownership of a noun)
• Demonstrative determiners (Used to demonstrate the thing referenced by the following noun)
• Indefinite determiners (Suggests a frequency but are more vague than numbers)