With a catalyst the transition state for a chemical reaction is lower.
- Catalysts do not affect the enthalpy change of reactions or position of equilibrium
Heterogenous catalyst - The catalyst is in a different phase (state) to the reactants. Usually solid catalyst and liquid/ gas reactants
Homogeneous catalyst - The catalyst is the same phase as the reactants
Catalysts for well-known reaction
- Haber process - Iron
- Ostwald process for making HNO3 - Platinum
- Cracking hydrocarbons - Aluminium oxide/ Silicon oxide/ zeolite
Catalytic Converters
- Honeycomb shape - provides a large surface area for reaction to take place
- Coated in Rhodium/Platinum (catalysts)
- Reactions: CO + NOx ---> N2 + CO2
- Metal forms weak bonds with reactants to hold in place - ADSORPTION
- Products then break away from metal - DESORPTION
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