Keywords PT2 from "Lifespan Development" by P. Mitchel & F. Ziegler (2013)

• Speaking in a way that does not respect. the informational needs of the listener
• Piaget identified three types:
• Repetition: young children sometimes repeat sentences or phrases immediately after hearing them. No apparent reason. 
• Individual monologue: young children sometimes make a running commentary of what they're doing. As if thinking aloud. Sometimes adults also do this.
  
• Collective monologue: a child may or may not intend to communicate info to others in the group, but egocentric speech prevents anyone being able to grasp the meaning. 

The effectiveness of a message in informing the listener.

• A person
• Judges moral acts based on intention behind them, rather than consequences of the act.

• Person
• judges moral acts by the physical consequences, rather than the intention behind the act.

• Aggression that is a means to a specific end.

• Aggression is not instrumental
• motivated in an attempt to harm another person for the sake of it.

• Period in development
• A certain kind of learning readily takes place

The philosopher Rosseau.

Freud

• Rousseau = humans are peaceful, aggression is a by-product of a social pathology inherent in our society.
• Freud = believed society may harness or neutralise much of human aggression.