Joints

Hinge Joints

-Eg. Knee/Elbow

-A synovial joint that moves in only one plane

-Consists of one concave and one convex surface

-Allow flexion and extension

Ball and Socket Joint

Eg. Shoulder/Ankle

-A synovial joint that allows a range of movements

-Occurs when a round head of bone fits into a cup shaped depression

-Allows flexion, extension, circumduction, rotation, abduction and adduction

Ligaments

-Attach bone to bone

-Very tough and resistant

-Keep bones stable

-Prevent extreme movements and help stop dislocation

Tendons

-Attach muscle to bone

-Connective tissue

Cartilage

-Soft connective tissue

-Reduces friction

-Absorbs shock

-Articular Cartilage covers articulating surfaces of bones and reduces friction

-White fibrocartilage is found in areas of great stress. It absorbs shock and allows the bones to fit together smoothly

Synovial Joints: A freely movable joint where two or more bones articulate

-Flexion: a decrease injoint angle

-Extension: an increase in joint angle

-Abduction: movement away from the body

-Adduction: movement towards the body

-Rotation: movement around a limb's long axis

-Circumduction: a combination of movements allowing a continuous circular movement of a limb