James and Charles: Religion 1603-1629

PROBLEMS:

• James comes from Protestant Presbyterian Scotland.
• His mother was Catholic.
• Owned 3 kingdoms with 3 different religions.
• He's flexible.
• Belived in Divine right/Royal absolutism.
• Catholics and Puritans were happy as they thought he'd favour them.
• At war with Spain.
• Parliament hated Catholics and were seen as traitors.
• James like Hierarchy and Ritual so he liked Catholicism.

1603, MILLINERY PETITION:

• Presented to James by Puritans.
• 1000 Church ministers signed it.
• Better education for ministers.
• No more multi parishes.

JAMES' CHARACTER

• Rex Pacifus.
• Blessed are the peacemakers.
• Flexible.
• Wanted to find a middle way between Catholics and Purtians (Anglicanism).
• Broad Church.
• Wanted Hierarchy.

1604 HAMPTON COURTS CONFERENCE

• Wanted to win moderate Puritans.
• Didn't want Presbyterian democracy.
• Said "No Bishop, No King".
• Better agreements with Puritans.
• If they didn't listen he'd harry them out of the Kingdom.
• Allowed Puritans to preach, better pay of ministers and then translated the Bible.
• Bancroft enforced rules in Anglican Prayer Book.
• In return Puritans accepted King's authority.

BANCROFTS CANONS:

• Appointed as Archbishop of Cantenbruy in 1604.
• Anti-Puritan.
• His Canon's were an oath of loyalty.
• 90 Presbyterians rejected this and left the Church.

RECUSANCY FINES:

• Fines for Catholics that didn't attend Anglican services.
• 1604, James stopped this then reimposed it, good source of income.
• Guy Fawkes and Evrard Digby unhappy.

1605 GUNPOWDER PLOT:

• Attempt to blow up authority.
• Resulted in Parliament getting James to be tough on Catholics.
• 1606 ' Act for better discovery and repressing Popish Recusants'.
• Catholics banned from London, public office, swore an oath and better Protestant education.

• He had a broad Church.
• Many Catholics and Puritans were left undisturbed.
• Regional differences.
• Catholic north was decorated, had ritual.
• Protestant south was opposite and had preachers.
• Catholic Howards were popular at court.
• James stopped war with Spain.
• James Joined Protestant Union in 1613.
• Wanted a Protestant match for daughter Elizabeth and Catholic match for Charles.

1611-33, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTENBURY ABBOTT:

• Was sympathetic to Puritans.
• Was reason for successful tact religious policies throughout this time.

1618, BOOK OF SPORTS:

• An attempt to solve fighting between Catholic and Puritan gentry.
• Sports and activies were listed for Sunday
• Puritans weren't happy and felt alienated.

1618, 30 YEAR WAR:

• War between Protestant and Catholics.
• Puritans thought Catholics were winning.
• Wanted James to fight against Catholic countries.

1625:

• James died, Arminian Charles took over.
• Arminianism was rising.
• Pre-destination was criticised.
• Charles was going to reform the Church again

WHY DID CHARLES LIKE ARMINIANS?

• Had order and ritual.
• Obtained hierarchy, divine right.
• Backed him up with Forced Loans.
• He promoted Arminians as favourates.
• William Laud and Richard Niele were popular examples.
• Everytime Charles called Parliament, Laud gave a sermon.
• Puritans more alienated.
• Wife was Catholic.
• Laud was Bishop of London in 1628.

HOW IT EFFECTED RELATIONS WITH PARLIAMENT:

• Didn't want the Church reforming again.
• Charles wore ritual gear.
• He was influenced by Buckingham and wife.
• Was going to restore Catholicism and Absolutism.