A characteristic shift in the disease pattern of a population as mortality falls during the demographic transition: acute (appears suddenly, progresses rapidly and is of relatively short duration), infectious diseases are reduced. While chromic (long-lasting), degenerative diseases increase, in prominence, causing a gradual shift in the age pattern of mortality from younger to older ages.
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Three Stages of Transition
1) The age of pestilence and famine
2) The age of receding pandemics
3) The age of chronic diseases
4) A fourth Stage?- The age of delayed degenrative diseases such as Cardio Vascular Disease
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First Epidemiological Transition
High levels of mortality and fertility
Crude death rate (CDR) is high and ranged from 30 to over 50 deaths per 1,000 population
Infant Mortality Rate is 200-300 deaths per 1,000 live babies
Life expectancy is between 20 and 40 years
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Second Epidemiological Transition
Reduction in the prevalence of infectious diseases, and a fall in mortality rates
Crude Death Rate reaches a level less than 30 deaths per 1,000 population
Infant Mortality Rate around 150 deaths per 1,000 live babies
Life Expectancy is between 35 and 50 years
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Third Epidemiological Transition
Due to low levels of mortality and fertilirty, there is little population growth
Crude death rate stabalises at a level of less than 20 deaths per 1,000 population
Infant mortality rate deops to a low of 25 deaths per 1,000 live births
When the healthcare is at an advanced stage life expectancy may exceed 80 years
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