Isotopes are different atoms of the same element They have a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
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Alpha
Alpha
Large size (2 Protons, 2 Neutrons)
+2
16,000 km/s (15% speed of light)
Large charge - Ionise other particles easier as they pass
Gets stopped by paper
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Beta
Beta
8000 x smaller than Alpha
-1
270,000 km/s (99% of speed of light)
weigh only tiny raction of Proton and Neutron - Interact with less particles than Alpha
Gets stopped by Alliminium
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Gamma
Gamma
Small size (Smallest)
0
300,000 km/s
Low penetrating power - Smallest
Gets stopped by Lead
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Alpha, Beta, Gamma (Diagram)
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Geiger - Muller Counter
The device that is used to measure Ionising Radiation is called the Geiger - Muller Counter
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Alpha - Causing Ionisation
Alpha Particles have a large positive charge. When an alpha partice passes close to an atom, it can pull an negatively charged electron out of orbit
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Beta - Causing Ionisation
Beta Particles which are negatively charged, cause ionisation in a similar way to Alpha Partices. But intead of pulling and electron out of orbit, they push it out and repel against each other.
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Gamma - Causing Ionization
Gamma rays can interact with the electrons orbiting and atom and tranfer energy to them. If the electron get enough energy, it can break free from the atom.
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Gamma Decay
Gamma radiation does not change because it has 0 Protons and Neutrons and so has not lost anything
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