Interdependance B2

...refers to the relationship between living organisms which depend on each other form some resources or survival. What happens to an organism will affect what happens to other organisms. 

Competition

...between members of the same or different species when they both need the same resource to survive.

Plants need- space for leaves to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis; roots need soil space to absorb minerals and water

Animals needs-space to breed eg nest; herbivores need plants ; carnivores need animals

Adaptation-

special features/ or types of behaviour which make an organism suited to its environment. Adaptions develop through evolution and increase chances of survival.

Organisms living in exreme habitats need to have very special adaptations to survive...

• Hydrothermal vents - discharge very hot water
• The Antartic- temperatures are very low
• High Altitudes- conditions are very windy and cold- shortage of oxygen

Air pollution consists of- hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide - released from factories and vehicles.

Water pollution consists of- Sewage (human waste) Nitrates (fertilisers) and Phospahtes (waste water from fields

• Land use
• Use of raw materials
• Waste

All these have the effect of changing natural habitat and reducing the populations

Lichen populations are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide air pollution and even low levels can kill them...

Few lichens indicate high concentration of sulphur dioxide in the air and visa versa

Conservation

...keeps ecosystems stable as environmental conditions change. These conditions include biotic factors (living things) and abotics factors (temperature humidity etc...)

Conservation can lead to greater biodiversity by

• preventing species from becoming extinict
• mantaining variation within a species
• preserving habitats

Reforesation (plants new forests) Coppicing (cutting young tree down to encourage the growth of side shoots, replacement planting.

... is now seen as a very important part of substainable development

Ozone is found in a thin layer above the Earth's atmosphere. It filters out harmful UV radiation which can cause skin cancer

Chlorofluorocarbons have destroyed some of the ozone layer.

Terrestrial-on dry land