- how and why we define crime and deviance
- no act is inherently criminal
- labelling leads to deviancy
Becker (1953)
'the act of injecting heroin into a vein is not inherently deviant. If a nurse gives a patient drugs under a doctors order. it is perfectly proper'
- social groups create deviance by making rules and applying them to outsiders
- deviance is therefore the consequence of the application of others rules and sanctions
- a deviant is simply someone to whom a label has been successfully applied
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