Injury

• acute, hard tissue injury 
• partial/complete break in the bone 
• compound fractures break through the skin

Signs:

• deformity
• swelling
• discolouration

Symptoms:

• pain
• inability to move injured area

Treatment:

• medical attention ASAP, PRICE, immobilisation, pain medication, surgery, physio

• hard tissue, acute 
• Dislocation= displacement of one bone from another out of their original position. Occurs from direct/indirect force pushing joint past extreme range of motion
• Subluxation= incomplete/partial dislocation 

Signs:

• deformity
• swelling and discolouring 

Symptoms:

• may feel 'pop'
• severe pain
• loss of movement 

Treatment;

• medical attention, immobilisation, PRICE, anti-imflammatory medication, surgery, physio

• soft tissue, acute 
• contusion= area of skin/tissue where the blood vessels have been damaged
• haematoma= internal bleeding, from minor bruises to deep tissue bleeding. Localised congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels 

Signs:

• swelling and discolouration 

Symptoms:

• pain 

• acute, soft tissue 
• sprain= overstretch/tear in ligament that connects bone to bone

Signs:

• swelling/bruising 

Symptoms:

• pain, inability to bear weight

Treatment:

• medical attention, PRICE, immobilisation, pain medication, reconstructive surgery, heat therapy, contrast therapy

Strain= overstretch/tear in muscle/tendon that connects muscle to bone. Signs= swelling/discolouration, bruising. Symptoms= pain on movement 

• soft tissue, acute 

Abrasion= superficial damage to the skin caused by scraping against a surface. Caused by falling/slipping or by clothing rubbing on body

Blister= seperation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms, caused by friction. Preventable with correct footwear, equipment and training load 

• occurs after a traumua to the head 
• disturbance to brain function 

Signs:

• post-traumatic seizure
• loss of consciousness 
• balance problems
• confusion 

Symptoms:

• lying motionless
• headache/dizziness
• nausea/vomiting 
• visual problems/light sensitvity 

6Rs- recognise, remove, refer, rest, recover, return

• chronic, hard tissue
• tiny crack in surface of bone 
• repetitive stress of foot on ground causes trauma 

Treatment:

• medical attention (diagnosis), PRICE, rest for 2 weeks avoid activity for 8 weeks, immobilisation, strengthening exercises 

• chronic, soft tissue 
• Shin splints=  MTSS chronic shin pain due to inflammation of muscles and stress on tendon attachments on surface of tibia 
• Tendinosis= the deteroiration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain 

Signs:

• limited movement/stiffness

Symptoms:

• burning, stinging, aching 

• medical attention
• PRICE
• support using strapping eg. brace
• anti-inflammatory/pain medication
• physio
• Hydrotherapy- maintain fitness without weightbearing
• Arthroscopy- minimally invasive procedure to examine and repair damage within a joint. Used to reshape and resurface torn cartilage

• medical attention not required
• cold therapy eg. ice pack
• massage and stretching techniques
• anti-inflammatory and pain medication 
• heat/contrast therapy 

Stop= stop game and observe injury

Ask= questions of player, how did the injury happen? etc

Look= at imjury site, check for swelling, bruising, deformity

Touch= at injury site, check for swelling, deformity, lumps and bumps or heat

Active movement= active movements from player

Passive movement= assessor moves injured limb/body part

Strength testing= ask player to stand, lift and put pressure on injured area, ask them if they can continue 

• treatment of soft tissue injuries 

Protect= from further injurt eg. splint 

Rest= 2-3 days, using crutches, gradual introduction of movement

Ice= ice painful area with cold compress, helping to reduce pain and swelling.

Compress= with elastic bandage to limit swelling and movement 

Elevate= above level of your heart and keep it supported