Impact of the Jarrow March and the Hunger Marches (3.7)

?

The Jarrow March, 5th Oct-1st Nov 1936

  • Oct 1936 - mass unemployment and extreme poverty 
  • 200 men marched 300 miles from Jarrow to London 
  • carried a petition signed by 11,000 people 
  • they requested the re-establishment of industry in Jarrow 
  • The closure of Palmers shipbuilding yard, the main emploter of labour in Jarrow, was the main trigger for the march 
  • The National Shipbuilders Security (NSS) Ltd, company created by the government to buy up failing yards and dismantle them so that production could be focused in a smaller numbe of profitable ones 
  • early summer of 1934, Palmers was acquired by the NSS, and dismantiling began
  • American Investor, T. Vosper Salt, was convinced that Jarrow was the ideal place for a new steelworks 
  • However, the British Iron and Steel Federation was less than enthusiastic - no steelworks built in Jarrow
1 of 5

The Jarrow March

  • backed by Jarrow Borough Council, the local mayor, the town's labour MP, Ellen Wilkinson
  • 200 medically fit men slected from over 1,200 volunteers
  • women were not invited 
  • Over £1500 was raised to meet costs
2 of 5

Impact of the Jarrow March

  • the marchers were greeted warmly at some stopovers with food and clothing offered
  • the general public lined the route of the march in their thousands 
  • Ellen Wilkinson criticised for sending hungry and poorly clothed men on a march that would have no outcome 
  • Labour Party advised not to support the march 
  • 4th November - Wilkinson presented petition to parliament, they discussed it briefly and then moved on
  • The marchers returned home empty-handed 
  • while they were away, the government had cut their unemployment benefit and dole money because they had not been available for work, even there was no work to be had 
3 of 5

Hunger Marches

  • 1921 - Hannington set up the National Unemployed Workers Movement, an effective arm of the British communist party 
  • aimed to destroy capitalism 
  • concerned about the rights of the unemployed to jobs and a reasonable subsistence allowance 
  • the driving force behind a number of hunger marches in 1922-23, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1934 and 1936
  • many of these led to violent clashes between the police and demonstrators
  • first Welsh hunger march - started as a protest against the limitations the gov placed on unemployment relief and the impact this had on miners and their families, miners selected to march to London on 8th Nov to coincide with the opening of parliament 
  • 270 miners marched to London 
  • the government remanined hostile 
4 of 5

Hunger Marches.2

  • 1932 - angered by the means test, the NUWM organised a national hunger march 
  • means test - introduced as an emergency measure by the gov in 1931, a household test whereby all income coming into a household was taken into account before benefits were given 
  • 3000 peope marched to Hyde Park, London 
  • to reconsider the implementation of the means test 
  • to present a petition to parliament containing a million signatures
  • serious violence broke out 
  • extra police drafte in 
  • police confiscated the petition
  • did hit the national press and generated questions in parliament 
  • spies were trained and inflitrated the NUWM, regularly reporting back to their handlers
5 of 5

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all Modern Britain from 1750 resources »