Identity Formation

MEDIA: Representation of underclass is negative creating a stigma towards them i.e. The Jeremy Kyle Show - Creates views of class - However not everyone chooses to watch these shows so aren't subject to these opinions.

PEERS: Taught through activities and hobbies they do i.e. if associate with football then their underclass whereas rugby is middle class - School allows for a diversification of activities meaning all indivduals get opportunity to experience diffferent 'class' activities.

FAMILY: Different families have specific leisure based around their fianances as can only afford certain activities - learn to accept their wealth and class as lack of opportunity - Intragenerational means individuals can move up class in their lifespan and raise higher than what their birth family was.

EDUCATION: Richer families will place children in private school / tutoring giving them a better experience - learn they're higher class - Curriculum and results on average are the same.

WORK: Upper class get top jobs through ascribed status - Not all in society agree on top jobs meaning it doesn't define your class to all people.

MEDIA: Presents unrealistic expectationsn for men and women such as body image through barbie doll stereotype - learn what is expected as their gender - Now more a variety of representations in the media i.e. Stay at home Dads / Plus Size Models.

PEERS: Teach gender roles through the 3F's - Boys learn they should associate with these norms and values / Double standard as boys can do more - Rise of the laddette culture whereby girls associate with typical male behaviour.

FAMILY: Verbal Appelation - Gender-based words towards children / Cannalisation - type of toys we give to children i.e. Barbies VS DIggers - Gender neutral parenting is becoming more prominent with no gender based elements i.e. clothing / toys.

EDUCATION: Girls do better in education but subject choice creates gender identity - boys more likely to do hard subjects i.e. technology/maths whereas women do social based classes - Campaigns help promote girls into higher positions and join new careers.

WORK: Pay Gap exists teaching women they are lesser than men - reinforces housewife role through work - women expected to stay at home - Jobs are no longer stereotypical based around gender - anyone can do any job in many modern cultures.

MEDIA: Media creates stereotypes - black & islamophobia are painted as terrorists creating focus on different ethnic identities - Media present multi-cultural ideas on ethnicity i.e. successful blacks like Obama.

PEERS: Different ethnicities mock one another and ethnic groups usually group together as one as they have a shared experience - This is becoming less of an issue for younger people as they don't isolate themselves based on their ethnic background.

FAMILY: Identity is created through the language and food that is consumed in the household which makes them learn the norms and values of that set ethnicity - In modern cultures, exposed to many multi-cultural foods and different languages are learnt.

EDUCATION: Very ethnocentric with white history being the primary source of education meaning many ethnicities aren't learnt about  - Black history month exists with a large focus on educating young people on non-white ethnicites.

WORK: Racism exists in the workplace with minorities being underemployed and not reaching top jobs - Discrimination Acts aim to stop this from happening

MEDIA: Nationality is emphasised by sporting events in the media which focus on own countrys achievements - cultivates support for own - Modern technology allows for multple countries to be viewed in such events - can support different nationalites.

PEERS: Influenced by peers and how important identity is to them i.e. for old people they treasure their national identity vs lack of significance for young - In the heat of events like Brexit - nationality seems more important than ever before.

FAMILY: Family teach us values that are traditional to their national culture i.e. The Nation Anthem and supporting sporting events - With more acceptance in family diversity - mixed race families exist meaning multiple national identities are taught.

EDUCATION: Focus on British Culture in curriculum meaning kids learn the values of the British Identity - Possible to learn about other cultures i.e. French / Spanish.

WORKPLACE: Need a visa to work within the UK meaning immigrants have to be educated on British values and have a basic understanding of the culture - Disrimination Act.

MEDIA: Media is conditioned towards heterosexuality with the assumption that everyone is hetero i.e. adverts present a nuclear family - Media can be used to promote LGBT and help people create and identify with new modern identities.

PEER: Bullying conditions individuals into avoiding diverse identities such as homosexuality - anything other than masculine hetero isn't norm  - If surrounded by supportive peers, they can offer support and encourage indivduals to express their true identity - promotes diversity.

FAMILY: Most households are headed by heterosexual couples / individuals thus as children see parents as role models they learn that heterosexuality is the norm - Family diversity is becoming more accepted with same-sex family types for example becoming more prominent.

EDUCATION: Sex education in the curriculum has a focus towards straight couples - kids aren't taught about sexuality thus restricting this identity - Many LGBT Clubs created - educated.

WORK: Stereotypes exist in society with typically gay jobs such as hairdresser / flight attendant and makeup artist - teaches us that only certain jobs can be achieved by identity - Discrimination Act and Equality Act exist in UK society restricting discrimination by employers

MEDIA: Media creates a stigma to some disabilities i.e. show them as helpless but also creates labelling i.e. people with Autism are presented as smart - Compared to traditional media, there is raised awareness over disability - allows better education and understanding - accpetance

PEER: As peers support an individual they get learned helplessness - feel they can't function independently - disassociate from society - Supportive peers would embrace the identity and encourage disabled indibiduals to be apart of society - feel normal

FAMILY: Family also create learned helplessness as they do tasks for the disabled individuals - reccieve label from family as they tell you you're disabled - protect you - Medical / Social model exists - is it learned? Physical impairment VS is it taught through labels.

EDUCATION: Stigma exists towards disabled people in school as they get/require special treatment such as special teachers and classes - get labelled - Medical / Social Model

WORK: Restricted to certain jobs due to physical demands of most jobs - learn they can't be a fully functioning member of society - Discrimination Acts aim to encourage disabled individuals to be apart of society - stop workplaces discriminating.

MEDIA: Old aged individuals are presented as a burden i.e. vunerable / helpless - water shed exists which aims media products at different ages - Children are still able to access 18+ content such as TV shows and Video Games - aren't excluded

PEER: Friends with people of your own age throughout school years - all share similar norms and values and don't learn different as primarily surrounded by same age - This isn't true for middle aged people (Career age) as surrounded by a wide range of ages.

FAMILY: Family protect young children from external threats i.e. strangers - learn they are vunerable and not capable of adulthood / Family Rules - Not applicable to all families as rules and values from houuseholds - some families may have higher trust with their children

EDUCATION: School is based on age and determines what year you'll be in and who you'll be surrounded by - System is only prominent in the UK and only applicable till 18 - University

WORK: Minimum wage changes based on age - restricts income by age even for the same jobs / Old people are less likely to get hired - Living Wage has been created to encourage employers to pay a higher wage to all staff members.