HVIII

• remove Empson and Dudley 1509 & Counsel Learned, set up commissions of Oyer and Terminer to uncover complaints- HATED UPRISING BREWING
• Marry Catherine of Aragor- retain Anglo-#Spanish connection, ally against France, Medina grow and continue, secure succession & dynasty, international recognition
• War with France- worrior king, courtiers stafford want chance for glory and profit, Holy League Oct 1511

• inherit dad counsel- cautious inclined to work hard
• Richard Fox advise against French war
• division in counsel to factions- 1= pro war, 2= anti war

• HVIII rely on minions, young favourites- Gentlemen of Priivy Chamber (expect patronage in return)
• HVIII- hate paperwork. Wolsey did that

• academic churchman
• Royal Chaplain- access king's court
• 1510 moved into Counsel (fox)
• 1512- War against France
• 1518- Universal Peace
• ambitious, motivated & intelligent
• Wolsey took over from HVIII
• 3/4 years made himself indespensible
• organised campaigns french 1512-14- won secured rise

• Act of Resumption 1515- £25,000
• Tudor Subsidy- 1512 HUGE ACHEIVEMENT- alter old way of taxation, more efficient & accurate £322,000 (only  half £800,000)
• forced loans £260,000
• 1525- Amicable Grant- avoid parliament, chose raise tax- Lavenham 10,000 protest (war against France)
• Overall raised: £322,000 subsidies
• £240,000 clerical tax
• £260,000 forced loans
• 1519- minions banish from court put own men in Privy Chamber (Richard Pace), Autumn 1519 Hen bought back in

• [poverty- W find remedies
• blame problems on enclosure
• 1517- evidence against 264 landloards - 74= recognisances
• attempts= frew noble friends or propertied class
• profiteering- extortianate food prices, 1518 fixed poultry prices- angered butchers

• 2 small expeditions
• 1- Marg Beaufort and one Ferd against Moors. Timing= wrong drunk
• Oct 1511 Holy League
• 1512 campaign help Ferd against Aquitaine, Southern France= FAIL
• Ferd used uk as distratcion go home lose ship attacked by french

• organised by Wolsey
• Tudor Subsidy- many years
• W organise ships etc
• 1513- UK 40,000 soldiers cross channel into Calais
• Louis XII sent army north
• UK capture Therouanne
• Battle of Spurs
• ALSO victory against Scots, Flodden
• H- look powerful
• ally Max made peace with France 1514 UK= isolated

PEACE 1514

H sis Mary marry King Louis XII

H made W Lord Chancellor

Archbishop of York

Cardinal

1518- Papal Legate

• all powers of Christendom sign Universal peace
• 20 signatories - Francis I, Max
• WHY? UK isolated by France and Max treaty of Noyon 1514
• Pope Leo X call for peace- fear aggression from France
• war= costly. Tudor subsidy 1513- no support

• H= clothed cloth of gold
• elaborate tents
• entertainment, gorgeous buldings, courtiers wearing silk and velvets
• jousting last two weeks
• impress Francis with Henr'ys magnificence
• France and the Empire wants hen support against the other
• impress each other, power politics
• nothing achieved less than 2 years eng and france at war again
• good for Wolsey- another succesfull event, ehanced power, kept him favoured by hen

• WHY- Charles V (HRE) marry H daughter Mary (financial compensation), controlled Burgundy effect trade, Cath= Charles' aunty, so took his side
• Treaty of Bruges signed 1521
• H war May 1522
• Charles abandon H, concentrate on Italy
• French nobleman join UK as an ally
• Paris= threatened. Francis offer peace talks
• HRE did not show up as promised in Netherlands/Spain

• HRE did not give support as promised from Spain/Netherlands- H not considered important
• H could not afford campaigns. 1523 sub not given, only raised £322,000 out of £800,000 ANGER- Thomas More, Wolsey no right be there

• Francis against CV in Italy- disastor for French
• Francis made hostage
• CV= dominant for many years
• upset balance of power in Europe

• Issues of succession- only had Mary 1520- PUPPET, no son, no heir, no one to carry on dynasty
• Anne Boelyn- besotted with her, provide a son, love letters 1528, lady in waiting, social climbers, family= powerful faction
• matter of conscience- married dead bros wife 
• power- Wolsey= cardinal, credited 1520 treaty of LDN, 1511 backed Holy League initiailly warred with France 1512 and 1522

• HVIII= Leviticus, 3rd book old testament- 'he shall be chidless' punished
• Catherine 1526- Deutronomy 5th book old testament -husbands brother shall take her to him wife'

• position of the pope- could not undermine previous pope- would mean dispensation wrong, Italian wars/threat of France/ HRE, Sack of Rome 1525- Pope under power CV Cath nephew, would not darken family name/ ruin his auntie 
• Wolsey's justification= weak, Bible contradictory, Leviticus, 20 years into marriage matter of conscience unlikely, never questioned previously
• Catherin- popular, Counsel Support John Fisher, Deutronomy, princess of Catholic Monarchs, won Flodden against Scots 1512, fight protect her daughter and herself 'on shelf'