Housing and homelessness:

• need for shelter 
• divide balance between public and private provisions: 
• - never a state monopoly 
• - greater role for private secotr than other 'welfare' areas. 
• one of beveridge's 5 giant evils 
• housing a devolved area. 

• owner occupation
• private rented sector 
• social rented sector: 
• - coincil houseing 
• - housing association accommodation 

• owner occupation
• private rented sector 
• social rented sector: 
• - coincil houseing 
• - housing association accommodation 

• owner occupation
• private rented sector 
• social rented sector: 
• - coincil houseing 
• - housing association accommodation 

• problems of industrialisation 
• "a sea of squalid, overcrowded accommodation for the masses" (Blakemore 2013)
• concern about public health and productivity 
• Examples of 'industrial paternalism' Blakemore 2013

• housing and town planning act 1919 gave local authorities responsibility for authorities to build council-housing 
• moer homes for working class
• cheaper housing
• house builiding efforts in the post war era:
• - distinction between labout and the Conservatives.

• housing and town planning act 1919 gave local authorities responsibility for authorities to build council-housing 
• moer homes for working class
• cheaper housing
• house builiding efforts in the post war era:
• - distinction between labout and the Conservatives.

• introduce in 1979 manifesto.
• Long-standing preference for owner-occupation: 
• - property owning democracy 
• council tenants could buy the property they lived in at discounts of 50% or more: 
• by 1989 some discounts were increased to 70% (Glennerster 2000) 
• Private ownership of homes 
• the working class could now buy there own homes 
• Pierson (1994) notes, the policy was astonishingly successful, with decade of 1.5 million dwellings, 1/5 of the total council house stock - had been sold 
• change in balance on housing tenures 
• residuallisation of council housing 
• but popular, and a vote winnner.
• huge amounts of people were buying houses with morgages. 

• introduce in 1979 manifesto.
• Long-standing preference for owner-occupation: 
• - property owning democracy 
• council tenants could buy the property they lived in at discounts of 50% or more: 
• by 1989 some discounts were increased to 70% (Glennerster 2000) 
• Private ownership of homes 
• the working class could now buy there own homes 
• Pierson (1994) notes, the policy was astonishingly successful, with decade of 1.5 million dwellings, 1/5 of the total council house stock - had been sold 
• change in balance on housing tenures 
• residuallisation of council housing 
• but popular, and a vote winnner.
• huge amounts of people were buying houses with morgages. 

• announced in Geroge Osbournes 2013 budgets, to run for 3 years from april 2013. 
• stage 1: contain loans of up to 20% to purchase new-build properties. 
• - equity loan scheme - would be repaid in house proceeds.
• - 5% desposite" 75% mortage 
• - up to £600,000 for a home to get this (a lont of money = mabe too high) 
• stage 2: government would underwite 15% of equity for mortages:
• - 'mortage garentee scheme' 
• - new and existing homes 
• up to £600,000 

• many economists concerned it may create a housing bubble 
• labour want to focus on housing supply: promise to build 200k homes per yeat by 2020. 
• osbourned promised to extend help to buy until 2020: and build a new 'garden city' at ebbsfleet. 

• roughsleeping 
• livinig in emergency accommodationg (night shelters) 
• B&B accommodation
• insecure accommodation
• intolerable condition (over crowding) 
• involuntary sharing 

Fitzpatrick et al 2000

• people who sleep rough are 35 times more likely to commit suicide than the general population (crisis wbsite)
• life expectancy of rough sleepers is: 
• 47 for a man 
• 43 for woman 
• a full 30 years earlier than the rest of the population (Crisis website 2012) 

• statutory homelessneess when a person meets the definition of homelessness 
• if no accommodation, and: 
• are 'eligibe for public funds'
• have some sort of connection to the area covered by the local authority, known as 'local connection' 
• can prove that you are 'unintentionally homeless' (not your fault became homeless)
• can prove you are 'priority need' 

• 1996 housing act defined a person with a priority need as being: 
• a pregnant women
• dependen children
• someone vulnerable as a result of old age, illness or disability
• someone homeless or threaterned with homlessness as a result of an ermergency such as food, fire or other disarester.

• this was expanded futher still in wales by the 2001 homeless person (priority need) order to include those: 
• aged 16-17 year old 
• aged 18-21 years old leaving care of at risk of financial or sexual exploitation 
• became homeless after leaving aremed forces 
• former prisoners after being released 
• fleeing domestice violence or the threat of domestic violence. 

(Crisis website, 2012) 

• estimation is a difficult task
• no records 
• official government estimates that there are 2,414 people who rough sleep in england in 2013 
• - up 5% from 2012 
• - of whom 542 were rough sleeping in london 
• over 15,000 household in wales applied to their local authorities for homelessness assistance in 2012/2013
• - 36% ccepted as being homeless and in 'priority need' 

• 'crisis research found that reasons most often cited by map participatns were: 
• relationship breakdown 
• substance abuse and misuse 
• leabing an institution (prison, care, hospital etc) 

• for homeless women most common: 
• - physical or mental problems 
• - escaping a violent relationship 

• there were also a number of 'structual' issues woth wider society: 
• - high levels of poverty 
• - unemployment levels were high 
• - way in which the benefit systems operates 
• - way social housing is rationed 

• 'crisis research found that reasons most often cited by map participatns were: 
• relationship breakdown 
• substance abuse and misuse 
• leabing an institution (prison, care, hospital etc) 

• for homeless women most common: 
• - physical or mental problems 
• - escaping a violent relationship 

• there were also a number of 'structual' issues woth wider society: 
• - high levels of poverty 
• - unemployment levels were high 
• - way in which the benefit systems operates 
• - way social housing is rationed