History - The Process of Collectivisation A summary of the process of collectivisation under Stalin in the USSR. 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? HistoryRussia - 19th and 20th centuryASAll boards Created by: Charlottealice65Created on: 24-04-12 22:39 Why Collectivise? In 1929, less than 5% of the peasant population were on collective or state farms. In 1930, Stalin announced plans to collectivise 25% of grain-producing areas by the end of the year. Larger units of land could be farmed more efficiently as a result of mechanisation. 'Machine and Tractor Stations' could supply machinery. Experts could introduce modern farming methods to increase production. Mechanised agriculture would require fewer peasants, so more of them could move to the cities and create labour for industry. It would be easier for the state to procure grain from fewer collection points. Communist officials could easily keep track of produce. Collectivisation would socialise the peasantry, encouraging co-operation and a sense of community. It could offer a solution to the procurement crisis of 1928-29. Peasant resistance could be controlled and eradicated. It would provide resources for industrialisation, and was a step towards this process. 1 of 5 How was Collectivisation carried out? Force, terror and propaganda were all used to create a rift between the Kulaks and the poorer peasants. Stalin used the ideological weapon of the 'class enemy': The Kulaks became the 'class enemy' in the countryside. Stalin decided to dissolve them as a class, and didn't allow them to join the collective farms. This frightened other peasants in to joining Kolkhouses. Many people refused to identify Kulaks, despite being encouraged to. Stalin enlisted 25000 urban party activists to revolutionise the countryside. The process was backed by the local police, secret police and military. Land was taken from Kulaks and used for collective farms. Kulaks were often deported or killed. The government isssued new procurement quotas, with penalties for failure to meet them. After the 'Dizzy with success' speech, a temporary climbdown tactic was employed. A huge propaganda campaign illustrated the advantages of collectivisation and enhanced the hatred of the Kulaks. 2 of 5 Types of Collective farm: The Toz Peasants owned their own land. Machinery was communal and shared. Co-operation occured in activities such as sowing and harvesting. 3 of 5 Types of Collective farm: The Sovkhoz These were owned and run by the state. They were the original and intended aim of collectivisation. Peasants were paid regualar wages. The set-up was similar to that of factories. 4 of 5 Types of Collective farm: The Kolkhoz Land was held in common and run by an elected committee. Consisted of 50-100 households. Land, tools and livestock were all pooled. Land was farmed by all of the peasants as a single unit. Private plots were allowed (up to one acre), from which peasants made and sold extra produce. This type of farm was most favoured by the Communists in the 1930s. 5 of 5
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