History Of Sport

Need to know:

• Role of the Church
• Importance of Holy Days
• Characteristics of Pre-Industrial Sport
• Why Sport Was Occasional
• Prizes and Recreation
• Need for Combat Sports
• Social Background of Some Activities
• Characteristics of Upper-class Recreation
• Characteristics of Lower-class Recreation
• Lower-class Games and Society
• Functioning Without Rules

• Holy days- gave time off for sport
• Church land used for sport
• Social Meeting place
• Supporting games
• Church offering prize
• Limited violence

• Only day free, leisure time
• Led off steam
• Team challenges, Social
• A lot of people could play
• Community get together
• Prizes

 PLUCI CROW

• Localised
• Un-coded
• Cruel
• Courtly
• Rural
• Occasional
• Wagering (gambling)
• Mob games
• Male dominated
• Basic equipment

• Agricultural seasons
• Couldn’t play much in the summer, due to crops
• Restrictions playing on Sunday, control of the church
• Church/ holy days only time for recreation, 13 in a year

• Money
• Status
• Respect
• Functional prizes- hats, clothes ect...
• Amour
• Social link to upper class

• War preparation
• Compulsory archery practice
• Traditional use of wrestling
• Need for defensive skills
• Betting and wagering
• Reflecting a violence society
• Part of education
• Survival skills
• Chivalric code

Archery

• Lower-class/ peasants
• Large number taking part
• Community gatherings
• Upper-class provided prizes

Jousting

• Upper-class
• Wealth requires, for a horse and equipment
• Held on closed grounds, spectators
• Audience upper-class, price of tickets

• Upper-class had more access, equipment, facilities ect...
• Amount of leisure time, Upper had more
• Differences in training needs, upper= knight, lower= footman
• Use of horse as a means of transport
• Non contact, no violence
• Complex rules and scoring, need to be educated
• Restricted access

• Violent- for war
• No transport- Local
• No education- Could understand, write rules
• Limited time off- played on holy days
• Lack on  money- lack of equipment
• Church control most aspects of life

• Most were not educated so no rules could be written or read
• Rules were spread from word of mouth
• Games were local so no need for a national standardised ruling
• They used natural boundaries, borders, river ect...
• Size differed so they altered it the fit that

• Sport is competitive physical activities with a serious organisation- rules and regulations
• Sport is mostly for prizes and rewards
• Recreation is non competitive activity
• Recreation is just for enjoyment
• More people have access to recreation, hence the bottom or the pyramid
• Sport is more specific, hence the smaller part of the pyramid
• People who play sport (top if the pyramid) can be role models for those who are recreational players (bottom of the pyramid)

Need to know:

• Industrial and urban revolutions
• Effect of Industrial revolution on sport
• Access to transport
• Urban changes
• Reductions in violence
• Need for codification
• Process of codification

• Transport developed
• National scope- led to need of unified rules
• Working time and leisure time governed by machine- ½ day holidays and regular time off
• People moved to towns/ less space- sports had to get in scope
• Loss of agricultural/ traditional customs new modern types of games / recreations/ fitness
• Industry required education- all could now read and write rules
• Machines could produce lots of equipment- more access at a lower cost
• Standard of living improved- more money to spend on sport

• Teams could now travel to other town/ cities to play away games
• Led to leagues and national competitions
• Spectators could travel to watch teams
• Newspapers could report on fixtures across the country/ mail/ communication
• Rules and instructions could be easily spread across the country
• Travel it’s self can be a sport- biking, sailing and racing
• Chance to visit new area’s- development of outdoor sports

Time

• Initially less time/ shift pattern/ long working hours
• Introduction of half days and holidays

Space

• Less space for sport/ loss of common land
• More people than players- more spectators
• Purpose built facilities for spectators

• Lack of space meant games needed to be smaller- limit pitch size and amount of players
• Too many people led to spectators- more now watch than play
• Facilities developed- stadiums
• Need for recreational space- public parks/ swimming pools
• Gave people a sense of belonging- pride in town through sporting success
• Need for a disciplined/ obedient/ healthy workforce
• Decrease in the influence of the church
• Increase in leisure time- Saturday ½ day off

Transport

• Travel now avaliable, all teams could play away fixtures
• Increased need for national rules

Other

• Education was compulsory so everyone could read written rules
• Less influence by the church- holidays becoming industrial holidays
• Equipment become readily avaliable

• Reflection of a civilised society/ lawful society/ blood sports acts
• Need for a fit workforce- less chance of injury
• Role/ formation of governing bodies and rules
• Middle class/ change in cultural control

• Transport allowed leagues and competitions to be set up
• Different counties had different rules therefore standard national rules were required
• Urbanisation meant there was large numbers of players- needed to set out number of teams
• Urbanisation meant there was a lack of space so pitch boundaries were required
• Compulsory education meant all could read the written rules
• Need for a fit workforce so games had to be non violent
• Muscular Christianity- civilizing sport

• Role of public schools/ oxbridge/ university move towards one set of rules
• Formed national governing body associations
• Invited representatives from clubs, schools and universities
• Held meetings where rules were agreed
• Compromised- melting pot of rules around the country
• Agreed rules were written down, printed and distributed all over the country