History mock- cold war

When:1947

Who: Created by Truman

What:

• America gave $13 billion to rebuild 16 European countries, to rebuild after WW2
• Aimed to weaken the attraction of the finacial stability that communism had buy giving money
• To gain money, the countries had to agree to freely trade with America

When:1945

Who: Churchill, Stalin & Truman

What:

• They decided to divide Germany into four sectors, each run by USSR, USA, Britain & France
• They divided Berlin into four sectors, despite being in the Soviet Union zone
• They agreed to exchange materials and industrial eqipment
• The Nazi party were to be banned and suppoters prosecuted
• Stalin wanted heavy reparations on Germany, but the USA wanted it rebuilt- so agreed to each take from their sector
• It became clear that Stalin had not kept Poland as a communist and capitalist goverment
• During the conference priminster Attlee was elected- trust issues for Stalin

When: 1956-1957

Who: Rakosi (Original Hungarian dictator) Nagy (priminster that enforced reforms) Krushchev (latest Soviet leader)

What:

• After Stalins death in 1953, new leader Krushchev implied that de-stalinisation to occur, which lead way to the uprising
• First, revolutionalist Nagy was appointed president after riots in the capital from the public, and enforced reforms such as - free movement- the removal of Hungry from the Warsaw pact- to be recognised as a neutral country
• Nagys reforms ended Hungrys alliance with the USSR
• To stop other communist countrys leaving the Warsaw pact, and to risk not losing its buffer zone, Krushchev sent tanks and troops into Hungry where they fought Nagys supporters
• After - American sent $20 million of aid to Hungry and allowed Hungarian refugees access to America

When: (20th August) 1968

Who: Novotny (old Czech leader) Dubcek (new reform giving leader) Bruzhnev( new USSR leader)

What:

• Dubcek was appointed priminister, and imposed reforms such as- legalisation of other political groups- "Market socialism" the introduction of capitalist elemnts such as freedom of speech and expression
• After warning Dubcek, and worring that Czechoslovakia had become to alike capitalism, the Brushnev Doctrine was created that implied that any state that threatens the Warsaw pact can be invaded by the USSR
• Brushnev invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968
• America only shamed the inasion-no military support
• However, some European communist parties delcraed themselves to be seperate from the soviet union- "Eurocommunism"

When: 1975

Who: Representitives from 35 countries

What:

• For co-operation between the superpowers- took two years to draft
• Tackled three main issues - Security - Co-operation - Human Rights
• eg;
• No coutry would intervene in the internal affairs of another
• trading and sharing of scientific information
• freedom of speech and freedom of movement
• Created a stable relationship betwen the USA and USSR

When: 1979

Who: President Carter & Brushnev

What:

• Brushnev invaded oil-rich Afganistan
• Carter formed an alliance with China and Israel to support the Afgan rebels - becuse they were anti communist
• America funded weapons Islamic group Mujahideen - becuase they fought against communism
• He imposed anti-trade sanction with the USSR
• He ended diplomatic relations with the USSR- end of Detente :(
• Incresed military spending by 5%
• However the soviet troops did not with draw- but detente was gone

When: 1985-

Who: Reagan (elected in 1981) Gobachev (leader in 1985)

What:

• Had the geneva meeting- first freely talked meeting
• They got rid of medium range balistic nuclear missiles in the signing of the INF
• Got back detente
• Reagan tried to control the appearence of international relations in the media

When: 12th August 1961

Who: Kennedy and Krushchev

CEC: East Germans wanted better oppurtunities and a higher standardof living so fled to the west, Krushchev wanted to stop this. He wss losing young talented people.

Krushchev could not wage a war with America

He built the wall across the baorder of east and west Berlin

President Kennedy flew to Berlin and made his uniting speech- propaganda in Americas favour- showed Krushchevs stregth without war- it was a powerful symbol of division