History Elizabeth start - 3 plots

Has a problem > talks to Privy Council & royal court

New law that needs funding > open parliment

Who ensure the laws > justices of peace

Moarch holds the most power > decides laws & opes and closes parliment at their will

Role of parliment:

• very few people could vote but gave sense of democracy
• funded unexpected things by creating taxes

Ruled by 'divine right' 

Royal Court & Household:

• lived near or in same place
• key advisers & friends
• only had influence not power

Privy Council:

• 19 members chosen by monarch
• debate current issues & advice on goverment policy
• monitored JP's & proceedings of parliment

Parliment:

• made up of House of Lords (including Bishops) & House of Commons (Lords had most power)
• few could vote
• called for & dismissed by Elizabeth
• grant extra taxes
• pass laws

Lord Lieutanant: (chosen by monarch)

• in charge of raising & training military force of ordinary people
• meant that the employment of a constant army was not necessary
• oversaw enforcement of policies

Justices of Peace:

• large andowners who kept law & order
• unpaid (seen as a position of status)
• ensured social & economic policies were done & reported to Privy Council 

Gender:

• women were not viewed as physically or mentally strong enough

Legitamacy:

• Pope did not grant divorce so some Catholics viewed her as born out of wedlock so did not have legitamacy

Privy Council:

• she often took a long time to make decisons frustrating them
• had to have people who didnt wholey suport her to keep Catholics happy

Religion:

• Diveded country
  
• many uprisings
• Catholics often plotted against her
• must find way to unite country but also set strong example

Finances: 

• inheritated country with £300,000 of debt
• Mary had sold may crown lands
• yearly income of monarch only £286,667

France & Scotland:

• had storng alliance as both Catholic
• France very wealthy
• England had lost control of Calais

Spain:

• rich & powerful
• Catholic

Catholic churches were extremly wealthy:

• had to ay for marriage, funerals, baptisms ...
• had to pay flr indulgences (people to pray for you)
• had to pay at holy places
• harvest > church would be given offerings

Became very corrupt

Herecy > challenging beliefs of the Church

Witchcraft > praying to & working wth the devil

Recusancy > failure to attend Church

• Bread & wine used in Holy Communion to represent Last Supper woding doen so could be interpreted
• Queen was supreme Governor of Church 
• Clergy must wear special clothing
• Pilgrimages were to be banned
• Some decroation allowed in Churches
• There was a hierarchy within Church
• Clergy could marry

Act of Supremacy > must swear oath of allegiance to Elizabteh (she is the supreme leader)

Act of Uniformity > must all use the same prayer book

The Royal Injucntions > had to have a license to preach

                                   > all clergy must teach the Royal Supremacy

                                   > had to attend Church

                                   > Pilgrimages were banned

                                   > Clergy had to wear special vestments

• Phillip of Pain in charge
• Sends Duke of Alba in to reorganise government
• Dutch want to be Protestant
• Dutch Nobility (lead by Duke of Orange) rejects Phillip
• Duke of Alab brings Spanish Inquisistion killing 3000 rebels
• Elizabeth allows Dutch exiles to take refuge > 1567
• Elizabeth dosent want to get too involved tho becuse of threat of invasion

Italy loans Spain money but whilst boats acrrying it rest in Englsih docks, Elizabeth steals it > Phillip very angry

• Elizabtehs Catholic second cousin
• Queen of Scotland > protestant Lords controlled Government
• Had strong claim to british throne

• Elizabeth is informed of plan before it starts
• Northen Earls (North still very Catholic) march down to London expecting to be joined by many (dosent actually happen)
• Mary is moved to Coventry
• 14,000 people from South against 4500 rebels > rebels flee
• Rebellion crosses into Scotland

After 450 rebels were hung & left on trees to scare peopel. At least one person from every town & village were killed

Why did it fail?

• Phillip was meant to send over 10,000 men but changed mind
• South didnt rise against Elizabeth as expected
• Elizabeth knew of plan

Earl of Northumberland > executed

Duke of Norfolk > released (cousin)

Mary > imprisoned

Papal Bull released by Pope> gives permission to kill & disobey Elizabeth

• Want to overthrow Elizabeth
• Marry Mary & Duke of Norfolk and make King & Queen
• Phillip would send over 10,000 men from Netherlands led by Duke of Alba
• Sir william Cecil uncovered plot 
• Duke of Norfolk executed for high treason
• Elizabeth still would not take action against Elizabeth

Due to the threat of Spain that was now clear, Elizabeth focused on improving relations with France

• Very litle known as letters were mostly destroyed & evidence given under torture
• Planned to revolt in the North whilst French Duke of Guise invaded backed financially by Phillip 
• Wanted to free Mary & restore Catholism

• Sir Francis Wallsingham uncovered plots 
• Throckmorton was tortured, confessed & then executed

Life became harder for Catholics, helping or sheltering Catholic Priests became punsihable by death

• Wanted to assassinate Elizabeth & replace her with Mary
• Duke of Guise would invade with 60,000 men
• Philip of Spain & Pope supported

• Letters going between Babington Mary were read by Sir Francis Walsingham
• Babignton & accomplices were hung, drawn & quarted
• Mary was executed along with many other Catholics

Anglo-Spanish relations were now completely destroyed