History 1905-41

1. Soviet party was set up

2. Mutiny on the Potempkin

3. Peasant uprising

4. Worker strikes

1. Bloody Sunday

2. Russians lost the Russio - Japanese war

3. Middle class wanted a say in how the country was run ( Duma ) 

4. Workers wanted better conditions

1. Appointed Experienced ministers (Stolypin and Witte)

2. October Manifest (Duma was set up)

3. November Manifesto (Peasants were given land)

4. Loyal army crushed the Soviet party

1. Stolypin attempted to modernize agriculture but wasn't given enough time and peasants were stubborn

2. Duma was weak and had little power

3.Post 1911 Goverment became more violent.

4. Rasputins influence increases

1. WW1 begins 1914

2. Tsar makes himself Commander in Cheif -> this is a  mistake because it leaves Rasputin and his wife alone and it makes him more to blame for the deaths.

3.Defeats continue in WW1

4. Food Shortages

5. Forced Conscription

1. Many strikes and protests from peasants and workers.

2. Army joins rebellion (Key point).

3. Tsar has to abdicate.

1. The Provisional government was set up. (Kerensky was the leader)

2. Made up of Tsar supporters

3. They continued WW1 

4. Soviets come back

5. Food shortages

6. Lenin Returns

1. July Days Protests, Against war

2. Kerensky crushed the protests

3. Trotsky was imprisoned and Lenin extradited 

1. Kornilov Marches to Petrograd

2. Kerensky panics and gives weapons to bolsheviks.

3. Kornilov never arrives

4. Bolsheviks take power

1. It was planned by Lenin 

2. P.G were so unpopular they had little/no support

3. Trotsky had the Red Guards and Organized the night.

4. Bolsheviks seized key points; Winter palace, Railway stations and telegraph stations.

1. Okhrana were set up to destroy opposition

2. Holds elections but ignored the results

3. Ends the war with Germany 

4. Decree on workers control

Reds; Bolsheviks and their supporters

Whites; Mensheviks, Socialist revolutionaries, tsarists and foreign intervention.

Reds positives; United aim, Geography, used ex-tsarist officers, Patriotic choice, Trotsky, War Communism.

White negatives; No purpose, lacked resources and communication, lacked leaders of ability.

1. Terror

2. Factories were taken control of by the government

3. Seizing peasants grain to feed army's.

4. Rationing

1. Won the war but very unpopular 

2. economy is exhausted by it

3.peasant revolts / Kronstadt revolt

• some capitalism
• peasants can sell grain for profit, these were kulaks
• small factories could be privately owned
• trade is allowed
• the economy grew under the New economic policy (NEP) but it was unstable.

Strengths of Stalin;

He was important in organising Lenin's funeral, he was relatable to the people (humble origins), he was general secretary of the party.

Trotsky's weaknesses

He was arrogant, he was more educated meaning the party associated with him less, he was scary as the leader of the red army, he underestimated Stalin.

1. Destroys Trotsky

2. Destroys Zinonev + kamerev

3. Destroys Bukharin (over NEP) 

• Run by Gosplan
• New factories are built 
• Huge targets set for workers and industry 
• Focus on Coal iron steel, chemicals and transport.
• tanks and military weapons were build instead of luxury items.

Yes ; 

Production grew, lots of weapons meant they could win the war, Stakhanovites for benefits.

No; 

Millions died from slave labour, Production results were not completely true, Bribery.

To destroy kulaks

to increase production of food to fuel the 5-year plans 

grain to export 

modernize farming

• Large collective farms
• Massive peasant resistance
• Stalin pauses to start collectivisation
• Huge famine 

Stalin conducted them because he was paranoid

Scapegoats were needed 

Destroy rivals - Kirov, Bukharin, Army leaders

NKVD arrested and killed many people

Show trails

Labour camps

NKVD got purged themselves

Executions

Aimed at teachers generals and managers