Henry IV Rebellions

September 1402:

• dispute b/t Percies and Henry IV, the king ordered that no prisoners could be randomes w/o his explicit permission
• Earl of Northumberland handed over his prisioners - unlike Percy
• They wanted the king to pay money for their military service
• Hotspur's wife was aunt of Edmund (rightful heir), which made king suspicious
• King would not comprimise on the issue of Hotspur's military and financial gain
• Welsh capture Mortimer IV, king calls him a traitor and refuses to allow Percies to negotiate his freedom

April 1403:

• Prince of Wales placed in high command - left Hotspur in low power
• Hotspur rebelled, they fought against the royal army at Shewsbury and were defeated
• Hotspur was killed and displayed

September 1400:

• Glyndwr led a rebellion which elavated Owain to the status of a prince
• he plotted the death of Henry IV and Lancastrian regime
• within a week his forces were overwhelmed by troops raised by the local Lancastrian
• Henry left his son in charge with Hotspur as the real military commander
• Glyndwr and his supporters adopted gorrila tactics
• Glyndwr captured Edmund Mortimer IV and he sided with the welsh
• Parliament enacted a series of statutes forbidding the state of food supplies or armour to Wales and prohibiting public meetings, bearing of arms, keeping of castles - especially any who showed allegiance to the 'traitor' Owain Glyndwr

• Orleans had sent help to Bolingbroke (Henry IV) to cause England trouble so he could take over
• with Richard II's death, the young dawager queen should have been returned to France with all her wealth
• Instead though hostile negotiations, she was returned with nothing
• Orleans challenged Henry twice to armed combat but Henry declined saying Orleand rank was too low

Background:

• Henry III had to give up many family claims and Angevin territory
• EdwardIII renewed English monarchy claim to area of France and refused to undertake an act of homage to French King (beginning of hundred years war)
• Richard II was popular in Aquitaine and Henry was not
• Charles VI granted Aquitaine to his heir, the Dauphin Louis
• this triggered serious outbreak of piracy on both sides of the channel - piracy had a financial and trade impact

• King of Scots Robert III refused to recognise the legality of the usurpation and made a number of raids on northern countries
• Henry informed parliament that he would wage war against Scotland and wrote to Robert demanding that they performed an act of homage (fued) to him as their 'good lord'
• Scots did not comply - Henry invaded with an army of more than 15,000 (obliged to borrow army in order to support them, which was risky given his fragile political and financial position)
• No decisions were made and army returned home
• Henry was more concerned with not leaving the throne for too long
• The English defeated a Scottish raiding force, taking various important captives
• However, this caused Hotspur's rebellion in 1403

• Caused by financial burden of defenceand mismanagment of finance of king's government
• Revolt was put down effectively and Scrope was executed in June
• It was extremely unconventional for a senior clergyman to be executed
• Henry betrayed Thomas Arundel's trust
• Henry died of natural causes which began within days of the execution

• In 1402 his daughter, Blanche, married the eldest son of Rupert, Ludwig who was a close ally to France
• Marriage of another daughter, Philippa, to king of Norway, Sweden and Denmark in 1406 to gain support with Hanseatic League
• He married Jean of Brittany (widow of duke of Brittany and daughter of Charles II of Navarre) - created alliance with Brittany
• Informal alliances formed with the kingof Portugal and king of Castile,through order of the Garter

Threats from Foreginers:

• Robert III from Scots (returned home from battle)
• Orleans from France (dealt w/ nobility in area)
• Welsh Rebellion (returend home from Scots to reduce threat)

Financial Difficulties:

• Borrowed money to finance army of 15,000 (attempted to prevent a real battle)
• Using all finance on defence and mismanagement of finance of king's goverment (only taxing when war is upcoming)

Threats from Internal:

• Hotspur's rebellion (Hotspur killed and displayed)
• Scrope's rebellion (executed although dissaproved)
• Epiphany rising (Henry was forewarned)
• Owain Glyndwr (stopped trading and took castles)