Henry Bolingbroke

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Justification of Henry becoming king in 1399

  • Usurped Richard in 1399
  • The next in line was Edmund Mortimer - howver he was a child monarch and had a weaker claim as it came through the women line
  • Henry was legitimate through a amle line, was a string adult military leader
  • Had strong military support
  • Promised to "live off his own" which was appealing
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The Epiphany Rising - 1400

  • In January 1400, a few Richardians launched the "Epiphiany Uprising"
  • Planned to murder Henry and his sons during the traditional reverly at Windosr
  • The plot failed
  • The plan did not gain popular support and many rebels were killed by local people before they had been found.
  • Henry realised that with Richard alive he could not fully take kingship
  • Richard conviently died in Feb 140, although the exact cause of death is unclear, some contempories claimed that he committed sucide by refusing all food and drink
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Owain Glyndwr and the welsh rebellion

  • The Welsh posed the greatest threat to Henry and they were lead by Owain Glyndwr
  • In september 1400, Glyndwr led a rebellion that began at Glyndyfrdwy, which elevated Owain to the status of prince.
  • Plotted the death of Henry and the destruction of the Lancastrian regime
  • Wanted to remove english lanugaue in walse
  • Within a week of the campagin, his forces had been overuled by troops raised by Hugh Burnell.
  • The king was in scotlan so sent his 13 year old son in charge with Henry (hotspur) Percy
  • Glyndwr and his suporters adopted Guerrilla tactics
  • In 1402, Glyndwr had captured Edmund Mortimer IV - during this time he switched loyalties to support the welsh rebels.
  • In September 1402, parliment enacted a series of statuses forbidding the sale of food and supplies of armoure to walse.
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Hotspur Rebellion in 1403

  • The Percy family had been disatisfied with Richard 11 treatment of them and so initially lent their support to Hnery IV's regiem
  • Lavishly rewarded for the support, especailly by boarder areas of scotland and wales
  • Percy was becoming dicontent with the Lancastrian regiem
  • issues he had with the regime: - in September 1402 Hotspur had fought with northumbland and won a big victory over the scots at Homildon Hill. However there was a dispute between the Percies and Hnery IV as the king procalimed that no prisomners could be held and the Percies regared this as unwanted interfrence

- Financial disagreements

- Hotspur's with was the aunt of Edm,und Mortimer so rivarly for throne

-The situation in Wales put hotspur under miltary and fincancial starin

-In 1402 the Welsh had captured Hotspur's brother in law and Hnery refused to help get him back and decleared him a traitor

_In April 1403 the prince of wales was placed in charge of the newly united military command in walse, reducing hotspurs power

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The Influence of relations with Scotland and Franc

  • Realtions between England and France were very hostile, as the young dowgar queen was returned with no riches
  • The Duke of Orelanes challenged Henry to armed combat on 2 occassions but Hnery declined
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How did Henry IV survive the threats to his regime

By late 1405, Henry IV was in a difficult position as the cost of defending the realm from threats (Welsh, Scottish and French) was extremly high. He used international diplomacy, epecially in relation to marriage:

  • Marriage of his daughter, Blanche,to Ludwig in 1402, who as the eldest son of Rupert count Palatine of the Rhine and king of the romans which gave henry a strategic ally
  •  The marriage of his other daughter, Phillipa to the new king of Norway, Sweden and Denmark in 1406 gave a good relationship in the Hanseatic league 
  • His marriage with Joan of Brittiany occured in 1402 created an alliance with Brittiany
  • Infromal alliances fromed with the king of portugal in 1400 and the king of Castile in 1402 by inviting them to become members of the order of the garter
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