Hazard Management

...very expensive and as of yet is not a reliable method management...

• Seismic Records:- Using records to predict the next event. Whenthe grrouund shakes, everything but a weight on a spring moves - this records the ground motion
• Radon Gas Emissions:- Radon is released from rocks like Granite at a faster rate when they are fractured by deformation
• Groundwater:- Ground deformation can cause water levels to rise or fall
• Remote Sensing - Electromagnetic distrubances in the atmosphere above the area about to have an earthquake are detected
• Low-frequency Electromagnetic Activity:- there are strong correlations with seismically active regions
• Strain meter:- measures stretching and compresion of the crust
• Levelling and Laser Reflections:- It surveys movement across a fault line - horizontal or verrtical

Prevention:- as of yet no attempts have been successful

• Better evacuation:- routes/sites
• Fire resistant buildings reduce the fire risk along with advanced firefightinh capabilities
• Laws to ensure buildings meet the required safety standards
• Observations of prone areas like Kobe or Tokyo
• Variety of building strategies:- single storey are more resistant to quakes and reduce population density. Soft storey buildings are designed to collapes into the car park below, cushioning it.
• Advise citizens to keep emergency supplies
• Police information sheets ensure that people know what to do during an earthquake
• Smart meters shut down gas supplies automatically in the event of an earthquake
• Land use planning attempts to indentify vulnerable areas of cities and more vulnerable uses like hospitals are kept out of these areas
• Insurance dedicated to earthquake damage so people don't lose everything 

• expensive
• laws are hard to enfore
• people don't always follow advice/warnings
• only affects new buildings
• people don't always believe it will happen to them so put presure on governemnts to spend money elsewhere or for tax relief