Hayden - Symphony No. 26 in D minor 'Lamentatione' movement I.

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Structure.

  • Exposition
    • bars 1-44
    • 1st subject - D minor.
    • 2nd subject - F major (relative major)
    • repeated.
  • Development.
    • bars 45-80
    • developed 1st subject, syncopated idea - use of sequence, F major.
    • Modulations.
      • circle of 5ths - Bass part = Bb, E, A, D, G, C#, F, B - String of perfect cadences.
      • Sequence of the same melody.
    • Dominant pedal and variation of plainsong/2nd subject (bars 65-68)
  • Recapitulation.
    • bars 81-125.
    • 2nd subject - D major (tonic major)
    • 1st subject extended by 4 bars.
    • Inner dominant pedal - bars 95-99.
  • Coda
    • bars 126-133.
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Haydn.

  • Wrote over 104 symphonies (very popular in the classical period)
  • He was the Director of Music to Prince Esterhazy who had his own orchestra of about 13 players.
  • This symphony was first performed in 1786 at a concert for the prince, probably to show off his wealth and culture.
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Instruments.

  • Detailed articulation and dynamics - staccatto etc.
  • 2 oboes.
  • 1 bassoon.
  • 2 horns in D (natural horns so limited notes)
  • 1st violins (probably 2)
  • 2nd violins (probably 2)
  • Viola (generally doubles cello)
  • Violoncello (may have been doubled by double bass)
  • Cembalo (Harpsichord improvising chords to bolster thin textures)
    • Texture was quite thin as lots of instruments are doubling.
    • Became unnecessary as orchestra grew.
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Lamentatione.

  • Plainsong chant based on a well known part of a passion.
    • bars 17-38 oboe and 2nd violin.
  • It would have beeen recognised by the public.
  • Words refer to the passion setting
    • Evangelist
    • Christ
    • Jews
  • In bars 37 (semiquavers) and 40-41 (wide leaps) the music echoed an exciting crowd as Jews called for Jesus to be crucified. 
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Style.

  • STURM UND DRANG (STORM AND STRESS)
    • syncopation
    • fast tempo
    • loud dynamics
    • minor key
    • suspensions in the 1st subject
    • appoggiaturas (bar 16 - E, bar 42 - F)
    • sudden contrasts
    • wide leaps
    • bold diminished 7th chords (bars 13 and 69)
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Texture.

  • Bar 26 - oboes and 2nd violins have the theme, 1st violins decorate the theme.
  • Heterophony = layers that originate from one single theme.
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